



PRFSKNTED BY 



THE SHAKESPEARE LIBRARY. 
GENERAL EDITOR PROFESSOR 
I. GOLLANCZ, LITT.D. 



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R O S A L Y N d; 

Euphues Golden 

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i^x^^ LODGE'S *ROSALYNDE' 
BEING THE ORIGINAL 
OF SHAKESPEARE'S *AS 
YOU LIKE IT' EDITED 
BY W. W. GREG, M.A. 




NEW YORK 

DUFFIELD & COMPANY 

LONDON: CHATTO & WINDUS 

1907 



!*v 






25 Ap '09 



INTRODUCTION 

LODGE'S <Rosalynde ' has shared the fate of all books 
which have been the occasion of achievements greater 
than themselves. While its name has lived, along with those 
of a number of other works of more or less ephemeral 
interest and more or less secondary merit, as having supplied 
material for the consummate art of Shakespeare, little attention 
has ever been bestowed upon it for its own sake, and its own 
individual merits have been cast into the shade by the glory 
of its offspring. It has been treated merely as a source, as a 
thing of no value in itself; the interest it has aroused has been 
antiquarian rather than literary. Thus one class of Shake- 
spearian editors dismiss it, along with other works in the same 
position, with some such facile remark as that Shakespeare's 
genius is nowhere more clearly seen than in the comparison 
of his work with his so-called sources ; while others have 
patronized it with such injudicious praise as to commend its 
* natural force and simplicity.' But such phrases have long ago 
returned upon the heads of those that coined them. Shake- 
speare's genius stands in no need of exaltation at the expense 
of those of his predecessors and contemporaries whose work 
he made his own, while nothing can be more grossly unfair than 



X INTRODUCTION 

to subject such a work as ' Rosalynde ' to a comparison with 
such a one as * As you Like it,' merely because Shakespeare's 
insight saw in the earlier work possibilities to which his less 
gifted editors have usually been blind. Had it not been for 
the fact of Lodge's novel having furnished the dramatist with 
the outline — and a good deal more than the outline — of one of 
his most delightful comedies, its name would doubtless have 
figured less in the text books of English literature, but there 
would have been more chance of its receiving a genuinely 
critical appreciation. Since, however, the fact remains that 
upon * Rosalynde ' Shakespeare did found ' As you Like it,' 
the comparison of the two, not from the judicial but from 
the truly critical standpoint, becomes a matter of first-rate 
literary importance. It is, however, a point belonging 
primarily to the criticism of Shakespeare and not of Lodge, 
and though it will be necessary to treat it at some length in 
the present introduction, it will first be necessary to consider 
the place occupied in the history of literature by ' Rosalynde ' 
itself, and the position it holds among its peers in the 
development of the English novel. 

Pastoral Romance. The genus to which ' Rosalynde ' 
may most conveniently be referred, the pastoral romance, is 
one of respectable antiquity. The earliest example of which 
we have knowledge is the famous * Daphnis and Chloe,' a 
late Greek composition of the third century probably, by 
an author of the name of Longus. This work became 
popular in the sixteenth century in the French translation by 



INTRODUCTION xi 

Jacques Amyot, of which an English version by Angel Day 
appeared in 1587. It was, however, destined to remain 
in a somewhat solitary position and to exercise little influ- 
ence upon the pastoral romance of later days. The work 
belonged to the school of so-called erotic romances, the majority 
of which were in no wise particularly pastoral. Moreover, 
though later writers appear to have been in many cases familiar 
with the work of Longus, and to have freely borrowed ideas 
and incidents, it was not from it that they received the impulse 
to pastoral creation, and neither continuity of tradition nor 
conscious discipleship connects the Greek romancier with his 
Italian successors. Longus himself appears to have been 
indebted to Theocritus for his pastoral inspiration and to 
have reproduced on Lesbian pastures the shepherd life of 
Sicily, and it is to Theocritus that we must return in seeking 
to trace out the history of pastoral tradition. The poetry of 
the Greek idylist, but feebly re-echoed in his immediate suc- 
cessors, rose once more to the first rank in literature, though 
under altered conditions and its character greatly changed, 
in the hands of Vergil. It was the form imposed on the 
tradition by the Roman poet that came to be venerated as 
classical in later ages, and the tradition left by him flowered 
once again in the first dawn of renaissance humanism. Petrarch 
composed Latin eclogues, and Boccaccio was proud to 
claim him as his master. Scarcely less important for the 
future of pastoralism than the tradition of the Vergilian 
eclogue, were the mythological legends such as supplied the 



xii INTRODUCTION 

subject of Ovid's * Metamorphoses.' As the new enthusiasm 
began to stir within the shell of medieval monasticism the 
woods and springs repeopled themselves with the awakened 
deities of earth, roguish fauns peered from amid the tangle of 
the copse, and the nymphs bathed once more in the freshness 
of the streams. While Petrarch was directing the lash of the 
allegorical eclogue against the licence of the papal court 
at Avignon, Boccaccio was compiling, in his * Genealogia 
Deorum,' the first mythological dictionary. And it was from 
the admixture of these two related elements, pastoral and 
mythological, that there sprang the forerunner of the pastoral 
romance which flourished throughout the sixteenth century. 
This herald was Boccaccio's * Ameto,' a medley of tales 
of a pastoral or mythological character in which the idyllic 
mode is attuned to a key of voluptuous languor, and in which 
the surcharged style aflPects us like the scent of hothouse lilies. 
The work has its interest to the student of Boccaccio and of 
Italian style, but for us its importance lies in the fact that it 
undoubtedly suggested to Sannazaro the form of his famous 
* Arcadia' (1504). It was this work that really initiated 
that ideal pastoral which exercised for centuries such a 
strange fascination over the minds of men, and, with more 
or less admixture of various kinds, added a new genre to all 
the principal literatures of Europe. The * Arcadia ' is itself 
purely pastoral, the characters, however polished and refined, 
are genuine shepherd folk ; in no case does their pastoral 
guise cover the courtier or the priest, and there is no chivalric 



INTRODUCTION xiii 

admixture. This latter was an addition which the original 
style received in Spain, where the kind was largely followed and 
developed, the most important example being Montemayor's 

* Diana ' and its continuations. As a development of the 
Spanish chivalric pastoral appeared later on the fashionable 
pastoral of France, as exemplified in D'Urfe's * Astree/ It 
was to Spain likewise that Sidney was indebted in the com- 
position of the elaborate romance, which, however, he named 
after the original work of Sannazaro. 

The first incomplete text of Sidney's < Arcadia ' appeared 
in 1 590, the same year as * Rosalynde.' Lodge may, of course, 
have seen the work, which circulated to some extent at least 
in manuscript, but the supposition is not forced upon us. Any 
general resemblance in the style of composition which exists, 
may be explained on the supposition of the author being 
acquainted with Montemayor's work, since he must almost 
certainly, one would think, have known Spanish. More- 
over, the romance of adventure cast in a pastoral setting was by 
no means a novelty in literature. In English alone Greene's 

* Menaphon ' had appeared the year before * Rosalynde,' 
while Lodge himself had made previous attempts in a some- 
what similar line. The connection in style of Lodge's 
work with t^iat of his friend Greene is far closer than with 
that of Sidney. In style and manner it is, of course, also 
connected with the work of Lyly, and through him may 
claim literary descent from another branch of Spanish 
literature. In this connection, however, it should be noted 



xiv INTRODUCTION 

that Lodge's * Rosalynde * presents no rustic characters 
corresponding to the Menaphon and Camilla of Greene, the 
Miso and Mopsa of Sidney — William and Audrey being 
among Shakespeare's additions to the cast. Lodge's debt 
to Lyly, however, or perhaps rather his desire to catch a 
little of the reflected glory of that writer's success, appears 
in the alternative title he adopted for his novel, * Euphues' 
Golden Legacy.' 

In considering the position occupied by * Rosalynde ' 
among works of the same class and of the same date it must 
be borne in mind that it has none of the historical importance 
attaching to * Euphues,' nor does it enjoy any of the fortuitous 
advantages which make the appearance of Sidney's * Arcadia ' 
a landmark in English literature. This makes it difficult to 
estimate its real merit as compared with such orks, though 
it may not be too bold to assert that it may claim to be far 
more entertaining than the first and far more complete and 
artistically balanced than the second. Such comparisons, 
however, are essentially uncritical and really beg the question ; 
if we are content to leave such works of extrinsic importance 
out of count, * Rosalynde ' has little to fear from a com- 
parison with its peers. Certainly, as against such works as 
* Menaphon' and *Dorastus and Fawnia,' Lodge's novel can 
well hold its own. The standard of comparison may not be a 
high one — neither *Rosalynde' nor *Menaphon' belongs to great 
literature — but in its own particular style and within the limits 
of its kind the romance of Arden falls not far short of complete 



INTRODUCTION xv 

success. One must, however, be in the right mood to 
appreciate it. This, of course, is true of all literature and of 
all art generally, but it is a consideration of more than usual 
importance in such a case as this, in which the art has no 
force wherewith to compel the emotions, no power itself 
to create in the reader the right mood for its own enjoyment. 
No expectation of realism or of reality, no demand for 
powerful emotions or lofty idealism, must be allowed to 
interfere with the purely receptive state of mind. The reader 
must be prepared to accept the conventional sentiment, the 
stilted triviality, the prettiness and the pettiness of the style, 
with the same half-humorous seriousness with which the author 
wrote. For in spite of these characteristics, in spite of his 
proneness to the false school-rhetoric of the renaissance, there 
is a twitch about the corners of the author's mouth as he pens 
even his most solemn passages, and now and again he must 
needs laugh out for the mere fun of living, in defiance of every 
rule of courtly etiquette. 

Thomas Lodge. The author of * Rosalynde ' was 
born about the year 1558. He came of a civic family of 
repute in London, his father. Sir Thomas Lodge, of the 
Grocers' Company, having filled the office of Lord Mayor in 
1 562-3, and his mother being the daughter of Sir William 
Laxton who had held the same dignity in 1544-5. He 
received his early education at Merchant Taylors' School 
and went to Oxford about 1573 as servitor of Edward 
Hoby, son of the translator of the * Courtier,' then a 

b 



xvi INTRODUCTION 

gentleman commoner at Trinity College. Lodge matricu- 
lated at the same college, became B.A. in 1577 and suppli- 
cated for the degree of M.A. in 1581, having been in the 
meanwhile admitted to Lincoln's Inn in 1578. In London 
he became intimate with Robert Greene, and soon found litera- 
ture a more congenial occupation than the study of the law. 
He resolved to indulge his tastes in this direction, thereby 
incurring the loss of a certain legacy. The earliest literary 
effort of which we find any trace was an epitaph on his 
mother which was entered in December 1579, but of which 
nothing further is known. Early in 1 580 appeared his first ex- 
tant work, a * Defence of Stage- Plays ' in answer to Stephen 
Gosson's * School of Abuse.' License was apparently refused, 
but the book circulated privately. Gosson replied to it in 
his * Plays confuted in Five Actions ' of 1582, and Lodge 
made a final retort in 1584 in a book called *An Alarum 
against Usurers,' a work which may have been founded on 
his personal experience. Of his private affairs we know 
little, but he left a will dated 1583, from which we learn 
that he was already married at that date. At one time he 
had some connection with the stage. His play, * The 
Wounds of Civil War,' printed in 1594, may have been pro- 
duced in 1587. He also collaborated with Greene in * A 
Looking-glass for London and England,' acted in 1592 
and printed in 1594. All other dramatic attributions are 
hypothetical and of a very uncertain character. The romance 
and not the drama was to be Lodge's particular field. As 



INTRODUCTION xvii 

early as 1581 he revised by request Barnabe Rich's euphu- 
istic romance entitled * The Adventures of Don Simonides ' ; 
while his earliest original attempt, entitled * The Delectable 
History of Forbonius and Prisceria,' was published together 
with the * Alarum' in 1584. For a while he appears to 
have followed the profession of arms, and about 1588 sailed to 
the islands of Terceira and the Canaries with one Captain 
Clarke. It was during this voyage that he wrote * Rosa- 
lynde,' which was published in 1 590. His first volume of 
verse, a mythological tale entitled < Scilla*s Metamorphosis,' 
had appeared in 1589, and an historical romance on * Robert, 
Duke of Normandy,' was published early in 1 59 1 . In August 
the same year he sailed with Cavendish for South America, 
and visited Brazil and the Straits of Magellan. During his 
absence Greene gave his friend's * Euphues' Shadow ' to the 
press (1592) and after his return appeared his collection 
of sonnets entitled ' Phillis ' (1593). Other romances fol- 
lowed during the next three years, one of which, * Margaret 
of America,' purports to have been written in the Straits 
of Magellan, and also some satires in verse under the title 
of *A Fig for Momus.' A religious tract, * Prosopo- 
poeia,' published in 1596, is Catholic in tone, and Lodge is 
known to have joined the Roman communion in middle life. 
He turned his attention to medicine, and according to Wood 
graduated at Avignon in 1600. He was incorporated M.D. 
at Oxford, October 25, 1602. The following year he pub- 
lished * A treatise of the Plague.' With this exception the 



xviii INTRODUCTION 

last twenty-five years of his life were occupied with laborious 
work on Josephus, Seneca and Du Bartas. He died in 
1625. 

Sources of * Rosalynde ' and its relation to * As 

you Like it.' In writing * Rosalynde ' Lodge undoubtedly 
made use of the Middle English tale of Gamelyn, a poem 
interesting in more ways than one. It is a composition of 
the middle of the fourteenth century probably, and has come 
down to us in several manuscripts of Chaucer's * Canterbury 
Tales.' In spite of this fact it is undoubtedly not by Chaucer, 
but may have been among his materials, and it has been not 
improbably conjectured that it was intended to be worked up 
into the Yeoman's tale. As the poem was not included in 
any of the black-letter editions of Chaucer, Lodge must have 
become acquainted with it in manuscript. This source supplied 
Lodge with the story of Sir John of Bordeaux and his three 
sons, the adventure of the hero in the wrestling at court, and 
his escape into the forest, where he joins a band of oudaws. 
The rest of the story, and even much of the detail of the 
earlier part, bears no resemblance to Lodge's work, nor is 
there any mention of a woman in the whole poem till we come 
' to within a few lines of the end, where we are informed that 
Gamelyn * wedded a wife both good and fair.' It is there- 
fore but a very" partial source of * Rosalynde.' Whether 
Lodge had any other original is not known. It has been 
conjectured that the more important portion of the story is 
based on some Italian novel, but as yet none such has been 



INTRODUCTION xix 

discovered. Nor is the suggestion on the whole very likely. 
It is much more probable that a writer starting with the tale 
of the outlawed youth should expand and complete it by the 
invention of its counterpart in which the protagonist should 
be a princess, than that he should accidentally come across and 
piece together two such closely related tales, Rosalynde 
and Alinda, the banished duke and his usurping brother, the 
proud Phoebe and lovesick Montanus, may be in all likeli- 
hood set down to the invention of the romancier and the 
inspiration of the Canaries. Of course it is perfectly possible 
that certain incidents may have been borrowed from, and 
certain characters suggested by, earlier works. The plot of 
the novel as we have it has points of resemblance with the 
tale of Havelok ; the proud shepherdess and lovelorn swain 
and the girl in page's attire were already traditional. But for 
those fundamental outlines of the story which enabled it to 
be woven into a harmonious whole with the Middle English 
tale, Lodge must almost of necessity have been responsible. 

While Lodge was indebted to earlier work for a com- 
paratively insignificant portion only of his plot, we have in 
* Rosalynde ' practically the perfect outline and groundwork 
of ' As you Like it.' The story in itself as we know it, 
apart from its dramatic presentation, is the work of Lodge. 
There are, of course, points of difference in plot and dis- 
similarity in the characters between the romance and the 
drama, but as regards the formal skeleton, so to speak, they 
are of comparative unimportance. They will be obvious to any 



XX INTRODUCTION 

one who, with a recollection of Shakespeare's work, will 
read the present novel. Some of the changes may be traced 
to the difference between the modes of presentation, narrative 
and dramatic, others to the dramatist's artistic tact. There is 
difference again in the style, for the romance is strongly 
euphuistic in tone and mannered in expression, of which 
hardly a touch remains in the play. It is true that some of 
the lyrical passages of the latter remind us by their conscious 
artificiality of Lodge's less inspired attempts, but this is 
intentional and deliberately calculated to attract attention by 
contrast with the rest of the composition. It is also true 
that, in his songs, Lodge repeatedly led off with a burst 
of melody and vigorous execution. Had the description 
of Rosalynde (p. 70) for instance fulfilled the promise of 
the first two lines, it would have been one of the most 
gorgeous poems in the language. He even now and again 
achieved a sustained success, though he seldom produced 
such wholly delightful verses as Rosalynde's madrigal (p. 27). 
Shakespeare, on the other hand, commanded with the care- 
less ease of a master every stop upon the pipe of song, and could 
from each draw forth its perfect and proper melody. Again, 
while leaving the plot unaffected, Shakespeare made some 
not unimportant additions to the dramatis personae. Besides 
certain minor characters, we owe to him Jaques, Touchstone, 
William and Audrey. That much of the delight of the 
play depends upon the first two, although neither sustains 
any essential part in the piece, may be freely allowed. The 



INTRODUCTION xxi 

introduction of the last two appears to have been the result of 
a deliberate plan. It would seem as if, by placing side by 
side the masquerading court pastoralism of the main plot, the 
refined Arcadian tradition to which we owe Phoebe and 
Sylvius, and the boorish if sympathetic rusticity of his addition 
to the cast, Shakespeare intended to bring the whole graceful 
figment to the touchstone of reality and hint at the instability 
of the ideal and convention of which he nevertheless made 
use. That he should do this while investing it with all the 
seduction of his most consummate art is in perfect keeping 
with the character of his genius. He could afford to do so, 
for he never treated the convention under which he worked, 
or which he chose to adopt, with that distressing seriousness 
into which pastoral writers in particular were constantly liable 
to fall. With him the form is more or less a matter of in- 
difference, the value of his characters depends, not upon the 
conventional type to which they happen to belong, but upon 
their underlying humanity. In Lodge it is true that we 
occasionally, as it were, surprise a character breaking through 
the shell of its conventional artificiality with a touch of 
genuine humour or common human nature, but it is in 
Shakespeare alone that under whatever form they may appear 
the characters are always and for ever fellow human beings 
with ourselves. All those formal differences between the 
romance of * Rosalynde ' and * As you Like it ' noticed above, 
and a great deal more, less susceptible of precise statement but 
not therefore less important, is included in the general state- 



xxii INTRODUCTION 

ment that the differences between the two are such as must 
of necessity exist between the work of Shakespeare in the 
full maturity of his genius and that of any respectable scribbler 
such as Lodge. And this brings me back to the point with 
which I started, the futile injustice, namely, of basing any 
judicial criticism upon a comparison of the two. * Rosalynde ' 
belongs to one sphere of literature, *As you Like it* to 
another, in spite of the fact that a study of both may be 
necessary to the just understanding of either, and of the 
conditions under which they were alike produced. A cot- 
tage may be none the less delightful for not being a castle, 
even though the historian may point out the architectural 
connection between them. 

Text. On Oct. 6, 1590, * Rosalynde ' was entered on 
the Stationers* Register to Nicholas Ling and John Busby. 
The two earliest editions were published by the latter in 
1590 and 1592 respectively. Of the earlier of these the 
only known copy, unluckily wanting one sheet, is in private 
hands ; of the later two copies are among Malone*s books 
at the Bodleian and a third again in a private library. Later 
editions appeared in 1598, 1604, 1609, 161 2, 1614, 1623-4, 
1634 and 1642. 

In the present reprint the spelling has been modernized — 
s(N?eprehensible practice — except in the case of a few words 
which I could not bring myself to sacrifice. The general 
system of punctuation and paragraphing has also been com- 



INTRODUCTION xxiii 

pletely modified, and an attempt has been made to give the 
work the benefit of such adventitious aids to style as typo- 
graphy can supply, aids which are sadly lacking in the old 
editions. If in doing so I have ever misinterpreted my 
author's meaning, which is possible, I must crave forgiveness 
of his ghost. The reader will, I think, find the change 
tend to his convenience. In the notes I have recorded the 
variations of reading between the two earliest editions. For 
those of the quarto of 1592 I have had the opportunity of 
consulting the copies at Oxford ; for those of the quarto of 
1590 I have relied on the apparently very accurate reprint 
issued by the Hunterian Club of Glasgow in 1878. The 
glossary will explain a few unusual words and serve as an 
index to the allusions. As an appendix has also been added 
Mr. Stone's study of the relation of * As you Like it ' to 
* Rosalynde,' originally published in the Transactions of the 
New Shakspere Society. 



Rofalynde. 
Euphues golden le 

gacie; found after his death 

in his Cell at Si- 

lexedra. 

Bequeathed to Philautus fonnes 

nourfed vp with their 

father in Eng- 
land. 

Fetcht from the Canaries. 
By T. L. Gent. 

[Orwin's device with the motto : ' By Wisdome 
Peace, By Peace Plenty,'] 

LONDON, 

Imprinted by Thomas Orwin for T. G. 

and yohn Busbk. 

1590. 



To the Right Honourable and his most esteemed 
Lord the Lord of Hunsdon, Lord Cham- 
berlain to her Majesty's Household, and 
Governor of her Town of Berwick : 
T. L. G. wisheth increase of all honour- 
able virtues. 

Such Romans, right honourable, as delighted in martial 
exploits, attempted their actions in the honour of Augustus, 
because he was a patron of soldiers : and Vergil dignified 
him with his poems, as a Maecenas of scholars ; both jointly 
advancing his royalty, as a prince warlike and learned. Such 
as sacrifice to Pallas present her with bays as she is wise, 
and with armour as she is valiant ; observing herein that 
excellent to Trpeirov, which dedicateth honours according to the 
perfection of the person. When I entered, right honourable, 
with a deep insight into the consideration of these premises, 
seeing your Lordship to be a patron of all martial men, and 
a Maecenas of such as apply themselves to study, wearing 
with Pallas both the lance and the bay, and aiming with 
Augustus at the favour of all, by the honourable virtues of 
your mind, being myself first a student, and after falling from 
books to arms, even vowed in all my thoughts dutifully to 
xxvi 



THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY xxvii 

affect your Lordship. Having with Captain Clarke made 
a voyage to the island of Terceras and the Canaries, to 
beguile the time with labour I writ this book ; rough, as 
hatched in the storms of the ocean, and feathered in the 
surges of many perilous seas. But as it is the work of a 
soldier and a scholar, I presumed to shroud it under your 
Honour's patronage, as one that is the fautor and favourer of all 
virtuous actions ; and whose honourable loves, grown from 
the general applause of the whole commonwealth for your 
higher deserts, may keep it from the malice of every bitter 
tongue. Other reasons more particular, right honourable, 
challenge in me a special affection to your Lordship, as 
being a scholar with your two noble sons. Master Edmund 
Carew, and Master Robert Carew, two scions worthy of so 
honourable a tree, and a tree glorious in such honourable 
fruit, as also being scholar in the university under that 
learned and virtuous knight Sir Edward Hoby, when he 
was Bachelor in Arts, a man as well lettered as well born, 
and, after the etymology of his name, soaring as high as the 
wings of knowledge can mount him, happy every way, and 
the more fortunate, as blessed in the honour of so virtuous a 
lady. Thus, right honourable, the duty that I owe to the 
sons, chargeth me that all my affection be placed on the 
father ; for where the branches are so precious, the tree of 
force must be most excellent. Commanded and emboldened 
thus with the consideration of these forepassed reasons, to 
present my book to your Lordship, I humbly entreat your 



xxviii THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY 

Honour will vouch of my labours, and favour a soldier's and 
a scholar's pen with your gracious acceptance, who answers 
in affection what he wants in eloquence ; so devoted to 
your honour, as his only desire is, to end his life under the 
favour of so martial and learned a patron. 

Resting thus in hope of your Lordship's courtesy in 
deigning the patronage of my work, I cease, wishing you as 
many honourable fortunes as your Lordship can desire or I 
imagine. 

Your Honour's soldier 

humbly affectionate : 

Thomas Lodge. 



TO THE GENTLEMEN READERS 

Gentlemen, look not here to find any sprigs of Pallas' 
bay tree, nor to hear the humour of any amorous laureate, 
nor the pleasing vein of any eloquent orator: Nolo ahum 
sapere^ they be matters above my capacity : the cobbler's 
check shall never light on my head, Ne sutor ultra crep'i- 
dam ; I will go no further than the latchet, and then all is 
well. Here you may perhaps find some leaves of Venus' 
myrtle, but hewn down by a soldier with his curtal-axe, not 
bought with the allurement of a filed tongue. To be brief, 
gentlemen, room for a soldier and a sailor, that gives you 
the fruits of his labours that he wrote in the ocean, when 
every line was wet with a surge, and every humorous passion 
counterchecked with a storm. If you like it, so ; and yet I 
will be yours in duty, if you be mine in favour. But it 
Momus or any squint-eyed ass, that hath mighty ears to con- 
ceive with Midas, and yet little reason to judge, if he come 
aboard our bark to find fault with the tackling, when he 
knows not the shrouds, I'll down into the hold, and fetch 
out a rusty pole-axe, that saw no sun this seven year, and 
either well baste him, or heave the cockscomb overboard 
to feed cods. But courteous gentlemen, that favour most, 
backbite none, and pardon what is overslipped, let such come 
and welcome ; I'll into the steward's room, and fetch them 
a can of our best beverage. Well, gentlemen, you have 
Euphues' Legacy. I fetched it as far as the island of 
Terceras, and therefore read it : censure with favour, and 
farewell Yours, T. L. 

xxix 



The Schedule annexed to Euphues' testament, the 
tenor of his legacy, the token of his love 

The vehemency of my sickness, Philautus, hath made 
me doubtful of life, yet must I die in counselling thee like 
Socrates, because I love thee. Thou hast sons by Camilla, 
as I hear, who being young in years have green thoughts, 
and nobly born have great minds : bend them in their youth 
like the willow, lest thou bewail them in their age for their 
wilfulness. I have bequeathed them a golden legacy, because 
I greatly love thee. Let them read it as Archelaus did 
Cassender, to profit by it ; and in reading let them meditate, 
for I have approved it the best method. They shall find 
Love anatomized by Euphues with as lively colours as in 
Apelles' table: roses to whip him when he is wanton, 
reasons to withstand him when he is wily. Here may 
they read that virtue is the king of labours, opinion the 
mistress of fools ; that unity is the pride of nature, and con- 
tention the overthrow of families : here is elleborus, bitter 
in taste, but beneficial in trial. I have nothing to send thee 
and Camilla but this counsel, that instead of worldly goods 
you leave your sons virtue and glory ; for better were they to 
be partakers of your honours than lords of your manors. 
I feel death that summoneth me to my grave, and my soul 
desirous of his God. Farewell, Philautus, and let the 
tenor of my counsel be applied to thy children's comfort. 

Euphues dying to live. 
If any man find this scroll, send it to Philautus in England. 



ROSALYNDE 

THERE dwelled adjoining to the city of Bordeaux a 
knight of most honourable parentage, whom fortune 
had graced with many favours, and nature honoured with 
sundry exquisite qualities, so beautified with the excellence 
of both, as it was a question whether fortune or nature 
were more prodigal in deciphering the riches of their 
bounties. Wise he was, as holding in his head a supreme 
conceit of policy, reaching with Nestor into the depth of all 
civil government ; and to make his wisdom more gracious, 
he had that salem ingenii and pleasant eloquence that was so 
highly commended in Ulysses : his valour was no less than 
his wit, nor the stroke of his lance no less forcible than 
the sweetness of his tongue was persuasive ; for he was for 
his courage chosen the principal of all the Knights of Malta. 
This hardy knight, thus enriched with virtue and honour, 
surnamed Sir John of Bordeaux, having passed the prime of 
his youth in sundry battles against the Turks, at last, as the 
date of time hath his course, grew aged. His hairs were 
silver-hued, and the map of age was figured on his forehead : 
honour sat in the furrows of his face, and many years were 



2 ROSALYNDE, OR 

portrayed in his wrinkled lineaments, that all men might 
perceive his glass was run, and that nature of necessity 
challenged her due. Sir John, that with the Phoenix knew 
the term of his life was now expired, and could, with the 
swan, discover his end by her songs, having three sons by 
his wife Lynida, the very pride of all his forepassed years, 
thought now, seeing death by constraint would compel hin: 
to leave them, to bestow upon them such a legacy as might 
bewray his love, and increase their ensuing amity. Calling, 
therefore, these young gentlemen before him, in the presence 
of all his fellow Knights of Malta, he resolved to leave them 
a memorial of all his fatherly care in setting down a method 
of their brotherly duties. Having, therefore, death in his 
looks to move them to pity, and tears in his eyes to paint 
out the depth of his passions, taking his eldest son by the 
hand, he began thus : 

* O my sons, you see that fate hath set a period of my 
years, and destinies have determined the final end of my 
Sir John of ^^Y^ ' the palm tree waxeth away-ward, for 
Bordeaux' j^g stoopeth in his height, and my plumes are 
gave to his full of sick fcathers touched with age. I must 
"""'•'• to my grave that dischargeth all cares, and leave 

you to the world that increascth many sorrows : my silver 
hairs containeth great experience, and in the number of 
my years are penned down the subtleties of fortune. 
Therefore, as I leave you some fading pelf to countercheck 
poverty, so I will bequeath you infallible precepts that shall 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 3 

lead you unto virtue. First, therefore, unto thee Saladyne, 
the eldest, and therefore the chiefest pillar of my house, 
wherein should be engraven as well the excellence of thy 
father's qualities, as the essential form of his proportion, 
to thee I give fourteen ploughlands, with all my manor 
houses and richest plate. Next, unto Fernandyne I bequeath 
twelve ploughlands. But, unto Rosader, the youngest, I give 
my horse, my armour, and my lance, with sixteen plough- 
lands ; for if the inward thoughts be discovered by outward 
shadows, Rosader will exceed you all in bounty and honour. 
Thus, my sons, have I parted in your portions the substance 
of my wealth, wherein if you be as prodigal to spend as I 
have been careful to get, your friends will grieve to see you 
more wasteful than I was bountiful, and your foes smile that 
my fall did begin in your excess. Let mine honour be the 
glass of your actions, and the fame of my virtues the lode- 
star to direct the course of your pilgrimage. Aim your 
deeds by my honourable endeavours, and show yourselves 
scions worthy of so flourishing a tree, lest, as the birds 
Halcyones, which exceed in whiteness, I hatch young ones 
that surpass in blackness. Climb not, my sons : aspiring 
pride is a vapour that ascendeth high, but soon turneth to 
a smoke ; they which stare at the stars stumble upon 
stones, and such as gaze at the sun, unless they be eagle- 
eyed, fall blind. Soar not with the hobby, lest you fall 
with the lark, nor attempt not with Phaeton, lest you 
drown with Icarus. Fortune, when she wills you to fly, 



4 ROSALYNDE, OR 

tempers your plumes with wax ; and therefore either sit 
still and make no wing, or else beware the sun, and 
hold Daedalus' axiom authentical, medium tenere tutissimum. 
Low shrubs have deep roots, and poor cottages great 
patience. Fortune looks ever upward, and envy aspireth to 
nestle with dignity. Take heed, my sons, the mean is 
sweetest melody ; where strings high stretched, either soon 
crack, or quickly grow out of tune. Let your country's 
care be your heart's content, and think that you are not 
born for yourselves, but to level your thoughts to be loyal to 
your prince, careful for the common weal, and faithful to your 
friends ; so shall France say, " These men are as excellent 
in virtues as they be exquisite in features." O my sons, a 
friend is a precious jewel, within whose bosom you may 
unload your sorrows and unfold your secrets, and he either 
will relieve with counsel, or persuade with reason; but 
take heed in the choice : the outward show makes not the 
inward man, nor are the dimples in the face the calendars of 
truth. When the liquorice leaf looketh most dry, then it 
is most wet : when the shores of Lepanthus are most quiet, 
then they forepoint a storm. The Baaran leaf the more 
fair it looks, the more infectious it is, and in the sweetest 
words is oft hid the most treachery. Therefore, my sons, 
choose a friend as the Hyperborei do the metals, sever them 
from the ore with fire, and let them not bide the stamp before 
they be current : so try and then trust, let time be touch- 
stone of friendship, and then friends faithful lay them up for 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 5 

jewels. Be valiant, my sons, for cowardice is the enemy to 
honour ; but not too rash, for that is an extreme. Fortitude 
is the mean, and that is limited within bonds, and prescribed 
with circumstance. But above all,' and with that he fetched 
a deep sigh, < beware of love, for it is far more perilous 
than pleasant, and yet, I tell you, it allureth as ill as the 
Sirens. O my sons, fancy is a fickle thing, and beauty's 
paintings are tricked up with time's colours, which, being set 
to dry in the sun_, perish with the same. Venus is a wanton, 
and though her laws pretend liberty, yet there is nothing but 
loss and glistering misery. Cupid's wings are plumed with 
the feathers of vanity, and his arrows, where they pierce, 
enforce nothing but deadly desires : a woman's eye, as it is 
precious to behold, so is it prejudicial to gaze upon ; for as it 
afFordeth delight, so it snareth unto death. Trust not their 
fawning favours, for their loves are like the breath of a man 
upon steel, which no sooner lighteth on but it leapeth off, 
and their passions are as momentary as the colours of a 
polype, which changeth at the sight of every object. My 
breath waxeth short, and mine eyes dim : the hour is come, 
and I must away ; therefore let this suffice : women are 
wantons, and yet men cannot want one : and therefore, if you 
love, choose her that hath eyes of adamant, that will turn 
only to one point ; her heart of a diamond, that will receive 
but one form ; her tongue of a Sethin leaf, that never wags 
but with a south-east wind : and yet, my sons, if she have all 
these qualities, to be chaste, obedient, and silent, yet for that 



ROSALYNDE, OR 



she is a woman, shalt thou find in her sufficient vanities to 
countervail her virtues. Oh now, my sons, even now take 
these my last words as my latest legacy, for my thread is 
spun, and my foot is in the grave. Keep my precepts as 
memorials of your father's counsels, and let them be lodged 
in the secret of your hearts ; for wisdom is better than wealth, 
and a golden sentence worth a world of treasure. In my fall 
see and mark, my sons, the folly of man, that being dust 
climbeth with Biares to reach at the heavens, and ready every 
minute to die, yet hopeth for an age of pleasures. Oh, man's 
life is Hke lightning that is but a flash, and the longest date of 
his years but as a bavin's blaze. Seeing then man is so mortal, 
be careful that thy life be virtuous, that thy death may be 
full of admirable honours : so shalt thou challenge fame to be 
thy fautor, and put oblivion to exile with thine honourable 
actions. But, my sons, lest you should forget your father's 
axioms, take this scroll, wherein read what your father 
dying wills you to execute living.' At this he shrunk 
down in his bed, and gave up the ghost. 

John of Bordeaux being thus dead was greatly lamented 
of his sons, and bewailed of his friends, especially of his 
fellow Knights of Malta, who attended on his funerals, which 
were performed with great solemnity. His obsequies done, 
Saladyne caused, next his epitaph, the contents of the scroll 
to be portrayed out, which were to this effect : 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 

The Contents of the Schedule which Sir John of 
Bordeaux gave to his Sons 

My sons, behold what portion I do give : 

I leave you goods, but they are quickly lost ; 

I leave advice, to school you how to live ; 
I leave you wit, but won with little cost ; 

But keep it well, for counsel still is one, 

When father, friends, and worldly goods are gone. 

In choice of thrift let honour be thy gain, 

Win it by virtue and by manly might ; 
la doing good esteem thy toil no pain ; 

Protect the fatherless and widow's right: 
Fight for thy faith, thy country, and thy king, 
For why? this thrift will prove a blessed thing. 

In choice of wife, prefer the modest-chaste ; 

Lilies are fair in show, but foul in smell : 
The sweetest looks by age are soon defaced ; 

Then choose thy wife by wit and living well. 
Who brings thee wealth and many faults withal, 
Presents thee honey mixed with bitter gall. 

In choice of friends, beware of light belief; 

A painted tongue may shroud a subtle heart ; 
The Siren's tears do threaten mickle grief; 

Foresee, my sons, for fear of sudden smart : 
Choose in thy wants, and he that friends thee then. 
When richer grown, befriend thou him agen. 

Learn with the ant in summer to provide ; 

Drive with the bee the drone from out thy hive : 
Build like the swallow in the summer tide ; 

Spare not too much, my sons, but sparing thrive: 



8 ROSALYNDE, OR 

Be poor in folly, rich in all but sin : 
So by thy death thy glory shall begin. 

Saladyne having thus set up the schedule, and hanged about 
his father's hearse many passionate poems, that France might 
suppose him to be passing sorrowful, he clad himself and 
his brothers all in black, and in such sable suits discoursed 
his grief: but as the hyena when she moiirns is then most 
guileful, so Saladyne under this show of grief shadowed a 
heart full of contented thoughts. The tiger, though he 
hide his claws, will at last discover his rapine : the lion's looks 
are not the maps of his meaning, nor a man's physnomy is 
not the display of his secrets. Fire cannot be hid in the straw, 
nor the nature of man so concealed, but at last it will have 
his course : nurture and art may do much, but that natura 
naturans, which by propagation is ingrafted in the heart, will 
be at last perforce predominant according to the old verse ; 

Naturam expellas furca, tamen usque recurret. 

So fared it with Saladyne, for after a month's mourning was 
passed, he fell to consideration of his father's testament ; how 
he had bequeathed more to his younger brothers than him- 
self, that Rosader was his father's darling, but now under 
his tuition, that as yet they were not come to years, and he 
being their guardian, might, if not defraud them of their due, 
yet make such havoc of their legacies and lands, as they 
should be a great deal the lighter : whereupon he began thus 
to meditate with himself: 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 9 

* Saladyne, how art thou disquieted in thy thoughts, and 
perplexed with a world of restless passions, having thy mind 
troubled with the tenor of thy father's testament, ^^^^j ^^,^ 
and thy heart fired with the hope of present meditation 
preferment ! By the one thou art counselled to "^'^^ ^'""''^-f' 
content thee with thy fortunes, by the other persuaded to 
aspire to higher wealth. Riches, Saladyne, is a great royalty, 
and there is no sweeter physic than store. Avicen, like a 
fool, forgot in his Aphorisms to say that gold was the most 
precious restorative, and that treasure was the most excel- 
lent medicine of the mind. O Saladyne, what, were thy 
father's precepts breathed into the wind ? hast thou so soon 
forgotten his principles ? did he not warn thee from coveting 
without honour, and climbing without virtue? did he not forbid 
thee to aim at any action that should not be honourable ? 
and what will be more prejudicial to thy credit, than the 
careless ruin of thy brothers' welfare ? why, shouldst not 
thou be the pillar of thy brothers' prosperity ? and wilt thou 
become the subversion of their fortunes ? is there any sweeter 
thing than concord, or a more precious jewel than amity ? 
are you not sons of one father, scions of one tree, birds of 
one nest, and wilt thou become so unnatural as to rob 
them, whom thou shouldst relieve ? No, Saladyne, entreat 
them with favours, and entertain them with love, so shalt 
thou have thy conscience clear and thy renown excellent. 
Tush, what words are these, base fool, far unfit, if thou 
be wise, for thy humour ? What though thy father at his 



10 ROSALYNDE, OR 

death talked of many frivolous matters, as one that doated for 
age and raved in his sickness ; shall his words be axioms, and 
his talk be so authentical, that thou wilt, to observe them, 
prejudice thyself? No no, Saladyne, sick men's wills that 
are parole and have neither hand nor seal, are like the 
laws of a city written in dust, which are broken with the 
blast of every wind. What, man, thy father is dead, and 
he can neither help thy fortunes, nor measure thy actions ; 
therefore bury his words with his carcase, and be wise for 
thyself What, 'tis not so old as true, 

Non sapit, qui sibi non sapit. 

Thy brother is young, keep him now in awe ; make him 
not checkmate with thyself, for 

Nimla familiaritas contemptum parit. 

Let him know little, so shall he not be able to execute 
much : suppress his wits with a base estate, and though he be 
a gentleman by nature, yet form him anew, and make him a 
peasant by nurture : so shalt thou keep him as a slave, and 
reign thyself sole lord over all thy father's possessions. 
As for Fernandync, thy middle brother, he is a scholar and 
hath no mind bat on Aristotle : let him read on Galen 
while thou riflest with gold, and pore on his book till thou 
dost purchase lands : wit is great wealth ; if he have learning 
it is enough : and so let all rest.' 

In this humour was Saladyne, making his brother Rosader 
his foot-boy, for the space of two or three years, keeping 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY it 

him in such servile subjection, as if he had been the son 
of any country vassal. The young gentleman bore all with 
patience, till on a day, walking in the garden by himself, he 
began to consider how he was the son of John of Bor- 
deaux, a knight renowmed for many victories, and a gentle- 
man famosed for his virtues ; how, contrary to the testament 
of his father, he was not only kept from his land and en- 
treated as a servant, but smothered in such secret slavery, as 
he might not attain to any honourable actions. 

* Ah,' quoth he to himself, nature working these effectual 
passions, *why should I, that am a gentleman born, pass 
my time in such unnatural drudgery ? were it not better 
either in Paris to become a scholar, or in the court a courtier, 
or in the field a soldier, than to live a foot-boy to my own 
brother ? Nature hath lent me wit to conceive, but my brother 
denied me art to contemplate : I have strength to perform 
any honourable exploit, but no liberty to accomplish my 
virtuous endeavours : those good parts that God hath bestowed 
upon me, the envy of my brother doth smother in obscurity ; 
the harder is my fortune, and the more his frowardness.' 

With that casting up his hand he felt hair on his face, 
and perceiving his beard to bud, for choler he began to 
blush, and swore to himself he would be no more subject to 
such slavery. As thus he was ruminating of his melancholy 
passions in came Saladyne with his men, and seeing his 
brother in a brown study, and to forget his wonted reverence, 
thought to shake him out of his dumps thus : 



12 ROSALYNDE, OR 

* Sirrah,' quoth he, * what is your heart on your halfpenny, 
or are you saying a dirge for your father's soul ? What, is 
my dinner ready ? ' 

At this question Rosader, turning his head askance, and 
bending his brows as if anger there had ploughed the 
furrows of her wrath, with his eyes full of fire, he made 
this reply : 

* Dost thou ask me, Saladyne, for thy cates ? ask some of 
thy churls who are fit for such an office : I am thine equal 
by nature, though not by birth, and though thou hast more 
cards in the bunch, I have as many trumps in my hands as 
thyself. Let me question with thee, why thou hast felled 
my woods, spoiled my manor houses, and made havoc of 
such utensils as my father bequeathed unto me ? I tell thee, 
Saladyne, either answer me as a brother, or I will trouble 
thee as an enemy.' 

At this reply of Rosader's Saladyne smiled as laughing 
at his presumption, and frowned as checking his folly : he 
therefore took him up thus shortly : 

* What, sirrah ! well I see early pricks the tree that will 
prove a thorn : hath my familiar conversing with you made 
you coy, or my good looks drawn you to be thus con- 
temptuous ? I can quickly remedy such a fault, and I will 
bend the tree while it is a wand. In faith, sir boy, I have 
a snaffle for such a headstrong colt. You, sirs, lay hold on 
him and bind him, and then I will give him a cooling card 
for his choler.' 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 13 

This made Rosader half mad, that stepping to a great 
rake that stood in the garden, he laid such load upon his 
brother's men that he hurt some of them, and made the rest 
of them run away. Saladyne, seeing Rosader so resolute 
and with his resolution so valiant, thought his heels his best 
safety, and took him to a loft adjoining to the garden, 
whither Rosader pursued him hotly. Saladyne, afraid of his 
brother's fury, cried out to him thus : 

* Rosader, be not so rash : I am thy brother and thine 
elder, and if I have done thee wrong I'll make thee amends : 
revenge not anger in blood, for so shalt thou stain the 
virtue of old Sir John of Bordeaux. Say wherein thou art 
discontent and thou shalt be satisfied. Brothers' frowns 
ought not to be periods of wrath ; what, man, look not so 
sourly ; I know we shall be friends, and better friends than 
we have been, for, Amantium ira amorts redintegrat'to est.* 

These words appeased the choler of Rosader, for he was 
of a mild and courteous nature, so that he laid down his 
weapons, and upon the faith of a gentleman assured his 
brother he would offer him no prejudice : whereupon Saladyne 
came down, and after a little parley they embraced each 
other and became friends ; and Saladyne promising Rosader 
the restitution of all his lands, * and what favour else,' quoth 
he, *any ways my ability or the nature of a brother may 
perform.' Upon these sugared reconciliations they went into 
the house arm in arm together, to the great content of all 
the old servants of Sir John of Bordeaux. 



14 ROSALYNDE, OR 

Thus continued the pad hidden in the straw, till it 
chanced that Torismond, king of France, had appointed 
for his pleasure a day of wrastling and of tournament to busy 
his commons' heads, lest, being idle, their thoughts should 
run upon more serious matters, and call to remembrance 
their old banished king. A champion there was to stand 
against all comers, a Norman, a man of tall stature and of 
great strength ; so valiant, that in many such conflicts he 
always bare away the victory, not only overthrowing them 
which he encountered, but often with the weight of his body 
killing them outright. Saladyne hearing of this, thinking now 
not to let the ball fall to the ground, but to take oppor- 
tunity by the forehead, first by secret means convented with 
the Norman, and procured him with rich rewards to swear 
that if Rosader came within his claws he should never 
more return to quarrel with Saladyne for his possessions. 
The Norman desirous of pelf — as Quis nisi mentis inops ohlatum 
respuit aurum P — taking great gifts for little gods, took the 
crowns of Saladyne to perform the stratagem. 

Having thus the champion tied to his villainous determin- 
ation by oath, he prosecuted the intent of his purpose thus. 
He went to young Rosader, who in all his thoughts reached 
at honour, and gazed no lower than virtue commanded him, 
and began to tell him of this tournament and wrastling, how 
the king should be there, and all the chief peers of France, 
with all the beautiful damosels of the country. 

* Now, brother,' quoth he, * for the honour of Sir John 



EUPHUES* GOLDEN LEGACY 15 

of Bordeaux, our renowmed father, to famous that house 
that never hath been found without men approved in 
chivalry, show thy resolution to be peremptory. For 
myself thou knowest, though I am eldest by birth, yet 
never having attempted any deeds of arms, I am youngest 
to perform any martial exploits, knowing better how to 
survey my lands than to charge my lance : my brother 
Fernandyne he is at Paris poring on a few papers, having 
more insight into sophistry and principles of philosophy, 
than any warlike endeavours ; but thou, Rosader, the 
youngest in years but the eldest in valour, art a man of 
strength, and darest do what honour allows thee. Take 
thou my father's lance, his sword, and his horse, and hie 
thee to the tournament, and either there valiantly crack a 
spear, or try with the Norman for the palm of activity/ 

The words of Saladyne were but spurs to a free horse, 
for he had scarce uttered them, ere Rosader took him in 
his arms, taking his proJer so kindly, that he promised in 
what he might to requite his courtesy. The next morrow 
was the day of the tournament, and Rosader was so desirous 
to show his heroical thoughts that he passed the night with 
little sleep ; but as soon as Phoebus had vailed the curtain of 
the night, and made Aurora blush with giving her the bezo les 
lahres in her silver couch, he gat him up, and taking his leave 
of his brother, mounted himself towards the place appointed, 
thinking every mile ten leagues till he came there. 

But leaving him so desirous of the journey, to Torismond, 



i6 ROSALYNDE, OR 

the king of France, who having by force banished Gerismond, 
their lawful king, that lived as an outlaw in the forest of 
Arden, sought now by all means to keep the French busied 
with all sports that might breed their content. Amongst the 
rest he had appointed this solemn tournament, whereunto he 
in most solemn manner resorted, accompanied with the twelve 
peers of France, who, rather for fear than love, graced him 
with the show of their dutiful favours. To feed their eyes, 
and to make the beholders pleased with the sight of most rare 
and glistering objects, he had appointed his own daughter 
Alinda to be there, and the fair Rosalynde, daughter unto 
Gerismond, with all the beautiful damosels that were famous 
for their features in all France. Thus in that place did 
love and war triumph in a sympathy ; for such as were 
martial might use their lance to be renowmed for the ex- 
cellence of their chivalry, and such as were amorous might 
glut themselves with gazing on the beauties of most heavenly 
creatures. As every man's eye had his several survey, and 
fancy was partial in their looks, yet all in general applauded 
the admirable riches that nature bestowed on the face of 
Rosalynde ; for upon her cheeks there seemed a battle 
between the Graces, who should bestow most favours to 
make her excellent. The blush that gloried Luna, when 
she kissed the shepherd on the hills of Latmos, was not 
tainted with such a pleasant dye as the vermilion flourished 
on the silver hue of Rosalynde's countenance : her eyes 
were like those lamps that make the wealthy covert of the 



EUPHUES* GOLDEN LEGACY 17 

heavens more gorgeous, sparkling favour and disdain, 
courteous and yet coy, as if in them Venus had placed 
all her amorets, and Diana all her chastity. The trammels 
of her hair, folded in a caul of gold, so far surpassed 
the burnished glister of the metal, as the sun doth the 
meanest star in brightness : the tresses that folds in the 
brows of Apollo were not half so rich to the sight, for 
in her hairs it seemed love had laid herself in ambush, to 
entrap the proudest eye that durst gaze upon their excellence. 
What should I need to decipher her particular beauties, 
when by the censure of all she was the paragon of all earthly 
perfection ? This Rosalynde sat, I say, with Alinda as a 
beholder of these sports, and made the cavaliers crack their 
lances with more courage : many deeds of knighthood that 
day were performed, and many prizes were given according 
to their several deserts. 

At last, when the tournament ceased, the wrastling 
began, and the Norman presented himself as a challenger 
against all comers, but he looked like Hercules when he 
advanced himself against Achelous, so that the fury of his 
countenance amazed all that durst attempt to encounter with 
him in any deed of activity : till at last a lusty franklin of 
the country came with two tall men that were his sons, of 
good lineaments and comely personage. The eldest of these 
doing his obeisance to the king entered the list, and pre- 
sented himself to the Norman, who straight coped with him, 
and as a man that would triumph in the glory of his strength, 

c 



i8 ROSALYNDE, OR 

roused himself with such fury, that not only he gave him 
the fall, but killed him with the weight of his corpulent 
personage: which the younger brother seeing, leaped presently 
into the place, and thirsty after the revenge, assailed the 
Norman with such valour, that at the first encounter he 
brought him to his knees ; which repulsed so the Norman, 
that, recovering himself, fear of disgrace doubling his 
strength, he stepped so sternly to the young franklin, that 
taking him up in his arms he threw him against the ground 
so violently, that he broke his neck, and so ended his 
days with his brother. At this unlooked for massacre 
the people murmured, and were all in a deep passion of 
pity ; but the franklin, father unto these, never changed 
his countenance, but as a man of a courageous resolution 
took up the bodies of his sons without show of outward 
discontent. 

All this while stood Rosader and saw this tragedy ; who, 
noting the undoubted virtue of the franklin's mind, alighted 
off from his horse, and presently sate down on the grass, 
and commanded his boy to pull off his boots, making him 
ready to try the strength of this champion. Being furnished 
as he would, he clapped the franklin on the shoulder and said 
thus : 

* Bold yeoman, whose sons have ended the term of their 
years with honour, for that I see thou scornest fortune 
with patience, and thwartest the injury of fate with content 
in brooking the death of thy sons, stand awhile, and either 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 19 

see me make a third in their tragedy, or else revenge their fall 
with an honourable triumph.' 

The franklin, seeing so goodly a gentleman to give him 
such courteous comfort, gave him hearty thanks, with promise 
to pray for his happy success. With that Rosader vailed 
bonnet to the king, and lightly leaped within the lists, where 
noting more the company than the combatant, he cast his eye 
upon the troop of ladies that glistered there like the stars 
of heaven ; but at last. Love, willing to make him as amorous 
as he was valiant, presented him with the sight of Rosalynde, 
whose admirable beauty so inveigled the eye of Rosader, 
that forgetting himself, he stood and fed his looks on the 
favour of Rosalynde's face ; which she perceiving blushed, 
which was such a doubling of her beauteous excellence, 
that the bashful red of Aurora at the sight of unacquainted 
Phaeton, was not half so glorious. 

The Norman seeing this young gentleman fettered in the 
looks of the ladies drave him out of his memento with a 
shake by the shoulder. Rosader looking back with an angry 
frown, as if he had been wakened from some pleasant 
dream, discovered to all by the fury of his countenance 
that he was a man of some high thoughts : but when they 
all noted his youth and the sweetness of his visage, with a 
general applause of favours, they grieved that so goodly a 
young man should venture in so base an action ; but seeing 
it were to his dishonour to hinder him from his enterprise, 
they wished him to be graced with the palm of victory. 



20 ROSALYNDE, OR 

After Rosader was thus called out of his memento by the Nor- 
man, he roughly clapped to him with so fierce an encounter, 
that they both fell to the ground, and with the violence of the 
fall were forced to breathe ; in which space the Norman called 
to mind by all tokens, that this was he whom Saladyne had 
appointed him to kill ; which conjecture made him stretch 
every limb, and try every sinew, that working his death he 
might recover the gold which so bountifully was promised 
him. On the contrary part, Rosader while he breathed 
was not idle, but still cast his eye upon Rosalynde, who to 
encourage him with a favour, lent him such an amorous look, 
as might have made the most coward desperate : which 
glance of Rosalynde so fired the passionate desires of Rosader, 
that turning to the Norman he ran upon him and braved 
him with a strong encounter. The Norman received him as 
valiantly, that there was a sore combat, hard to judge on 
whose side fortune would be prodigal. At last Rosader, 
calling to mind the beauty of his new mistress, the fame of 
his father's honours, and the disgrace that should fall to his 
house by his misfortune, roused himself and threw the 
Norman against the ground, falling upon his chest with so 
willing a weight, that the Norman yielded nature her due, 
and Rosader the victory. 

The death of this champion, as it highly contented the 
franklin, as a man satisfied with revenge, so it drew the 
king and all the peers into a great admiration, that so young 
years and so beautiful a personage should contain such 



EUPHUES* GOLDEN LEGACY 21 

martial excellence ; but when they knew him to be the 
youngest son of Sir John of Bordeaux, the king rose from 
his seat and embraced him, and the peers entreated him 
with all favourable courtesy, commending both his valour 
and his virtues, wishing him to go forward in such haughty 
deeds, that he might attain to the glory of his father's 
honourable fortunes. 

As the king and lords graced him with embracing, so the 
ladies favoured him with their looks, especially Rosalynde, 
whom the beauty and valour of Rosader had already 
touched ; but she accounted love a toy, and fancy a momen- 
tary passion, that as it was taken in with a gaze, might be 
shaken off with a wink, and therefore feared not to dally 
in the flame ; and to make Rosader know she afl^ected him, 
took from her neck a jewel, and sent it by a page to the 
young gentleman. The prize that Venus gave to Paris was 
not half so pleasing to the Troyan as this gem was to 
Rosader ; for if fortune had sworn to make him sole 
monarch of the world, he would rather have refused such 
dignity, than have lost the jewel sent him by Rosalynde. To 
return her with the like he was unfurnished, and yet that he 
might more than in his looks discover his affection, he stepped 
into a tent, and taking pen and paper wrote this fancy : 

Two suns at once from one fair heaven there shined, 
Ten branches from two boughs, tipped all with roses, 

Pure locks more golden than is gold refined, 
Two pearled rows that nature's pride encloses ; 



22 ROSALYNDE, OR 

Two mounts fair marble-white, down-soft and dainty, 
A snow-dyed orb, where love increased by pleasure 

Full woeful makes my heart, and body fainty : 

Her fair, my woe, exceeds all thought and measure. 

In lines confused my luckless harm appeareth, 

Whom sorrow clouds, whom pleasant smiling cleareth. 

This sonnet he sent to Rosalynde, which when she read she 
blushed, but with a sweet content in that she perceived love 
had allotted her so amorous a servant. 

Leaving her to her new entertained fancies, again to Rosader, 
who triumphing in the glory of this conquest, accompanied 
with a troop of young gentlemen that were desirous to be his 
familiars, went home to his brother Saladyne's, who was 
walking before the gates, to hear what success his brother 
Rosader should have, assuring himself of his death, and 
devising how with dissimuled sorrow to celebrate his funerals. 
As he was in his thought, he cast up his eye, and saw where 
Rosader returned with the garland on his head, as having 
won the prize, accompanied with a crew of boon companions. 
Grieved at this, he stepped in and shut the gate. Rosader 
seeing this, and not looking for such unkind entertainment, 
blushed at the disgrace, and yet smothering his grief with a 
smile, he turned to the gentlemen, and desired them to hold 
his brother excused, for he did not this upon any malicious 
intent or niggardize, but being brought up in the country, 
he absented himself as not finding his nature fit for such 
youthful company. Thus he sought to shadow abuses 
proffered him by his brother, but in vain, for he could by 



EUPHUES^ GOLDEN LEGACY 23 

no means be suffered to enter : whereupon he ran his foot 
against the door, and broke it open, drawing his sword, and 
entering boldly into the hall, where he found none, for all 
were fled, but one Adam Spencer, an Englishman, who had 
been an old and trusty servant to Sir John of Bordeaux. 
He for the love he bare to his deceased master, favoured 
the part of Rosader, and gave him and his such entertainment 
as he could. Rosader gave him thanks, and looking about, 
seeing the hall empty, said : 

* Gentlemen, you are welcome ; frolic and be merry : you 
shall be sure to have wine enough, whatsoever your fare 
be. I tell you, cavaliers, my brother hath in his house five 
tun of wine, and as long as that lasteth, I beshrew him that 
spares his liquor.' 

With that he burst open the buttery door, and with the 
help of Adam Spencer covered the tables, and set down what- 
soever he could find in the house ; but what they wanted in 
meat, Rosader supplied with drink, yet had they royal cheer, 
and withal such hearty welcome as would have made the 
coarsest meats seem delicates. After they had feasted and 
frolicked it twice or thrice with an upsee freeze, they all took 
their leaves of Rosader and departed. As soon as they were 
gone, Rosader growing impatient of the abuse, drew his 
sword, and swore to be revenged on the discourteous Saladyne ; 
yet by the means of Adam Spencer, who sought to continue 
friendship and amity betwixt the brethren, and through 
the flattering submission of Saladyne, they were once again 



24 ROSALYNDE, OR 

reconciled, and put up all forepassed injuries with a peaceable 
agreement, living together for a good space in such brotherly 
love, as did not only rejoice the servants, but made all the 
gentlemen and bordering neighbours glad of such friendly 
concord. Saladyne, hiding fire in the straw, and concealing 
a poisoned hate in a peaceable countenance, yet deferring the 
intent of his wrath till fitter oportunity, he showed himself 
a great favourer of his brother's virtuous endeavours : where 
leaving them in this happy league, let us return to Rosalynde. 

Rosalynde returning home from the triumph, after she 
waxed solitary love presented her with the idea of Rosader's 
perfection, and taking her at discovert struck her so deep, 
as she felt herself grow passing passionate. She began to 
call to mind the comeliness of his person, the honour of his 
parents, and the virtues that, excelling both, made him so 
gracious in the eyes of every one. Sucking in thus the honey 
of love by imprinting in her thoughts his rare qualities, she 
began to surfeit with the contemplation of his virtuous condi- 
tions ; but when she called to remembrance her present estate, 
and the hardness of her fortunes, desire began to shrink, 
and fancy to vail bonnet, that between a Chaos of confused 
thoughts she began to debate with herself in this manner : 

* Infortunate Rosalynde, whose misfortunes are more than 
thy years, and whose passions are greater than thy patience ! 
Rosalynde s The blossoms of thy youth are mixed with the 
passion. frosts of envy, and the hope of thy ensuing 

fruits perish in the bud. Thy father is by Torismond 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 25 

banished from the crown, and thou, the unhappy daughter of a 
king, detained captive, living as disquieted in thy thoughts as 
thy father discontented in his exile. Ah Rosalynde, what 
cares wait upon a crown ! what griefs are incident to dignity ! 
what sorrows haunt royal palaces ! The greatest seas have 
the sorest storms, the highest birth subject to the most bale, 
and of all trees the cedars soonest shake with the wind : 
small currents are ever calm, low valleys not scorched in 
any lightnings, nor base men tied to any baleful prejudice. 
Fortune flies, and if she touch poverty it is with her heel, 
rather disdaining their want with a frown, than envying their 
wealth with disparagement. O Rosalynde, hadst thou been 
born low, thou hadst not fallen so high, and yet being great 
of blood thine honour is more, if thou brookest misfortune 
with patience. Suppose I contrary fortune with content, yet 
fates unwilling to have me anyway happy, have forced love 
to set my thoughts on lire with fancy. Love, Rosalynde ! 
becometh it women in distress to think of love ? Tush, 
desire hath no respect of persons : Cupid is blind and 
shooteth at random, as soon hitting a rag as a robe, and 
piercing as soon the bosom of a captive as the breast of a 
libertine. Thou speakest it, poor Rosalynde, by experience ; 
for being every way distressed, surcharged with cares, and 
overgrown with sorrows, yet amidst the heap of all these mis- 
haps, love hath lodged in thy heart the perfection of young 
Rosader, a man every way absolute as well for his inward 
life, as for his outward lineaments, able to content the eye 



26 ROSALYNDE, OR 

with beauty, and the ear with the report of his virtue. But 
consider, Rosalynde, his fortunes, and thy present estate : 
thou art poor and without patrimony, and yet the daughter 
of a prince ; he a younger brother, and void of such posses- 
sions as either might maintain thy dignities or revenge thy 
father's injuries. And hast thou not learned this of other 
ladies, that lovers cannot live by looks, that women's ears are 
sooner content with a dram of give me than a pound of hear 
me, that gold is sweeter than eloquence, that love is a fire 
and wealth is the fuel, that Venus' coffers should be ever 
full ? Then, Rosalynde, seeing Rosader is poor, think him 
less beautiful because he is in want, and account his 
virtues but qualities of course for that he is not endued 
with wealth. Doth not Horace tell thee what method is 
to be used in love ? 

Quaerenda pecunia primum, post nummos virtus. 

Tush, Rosalynde, be not over rash : leap not before thou 
look ; either love such a one as may with his lands purchase 
thy liberty, or else love not at all. Choose not a fair face 
with an empty purse, but say as most women use to say : 

Si nihil attuleris, ibis Homere foras. 

Why, Rosalynde I can such base thoughts harbour in such 
high beauties ? can the degree of a princess, the daughter of 
Gerismond harbour such servile conceits, as to prize gold 
more than honour, or to measure a gentleman by his wealth, 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 27 

not by his virtues ? No, Rosalynde, blush at thy base resolu- 
tion, and say, if thou lovest, either Rosader or none. And 
why ? because Rosader is both beautiful and virtuous.' 
Smiling to herself to think of her new-entertained passions, 
taking up her lute that lay by her, she warbled out this ditty : 

Rosalynde's Madrigal 

Love in my bosom like a bee 

Doth suck his sweet : 
Now with his wings he plays with me, 

Now with his feet. 
Within mine eyes he makes his nest, 
His bed amidst my tender breast; 
My kisses are his daily feast, 
And yet he robs me of my rest. 

Ahj wanton, will ye? 



1 

And if I sleep, then percheth he | 

With pretty flight, | 

And makes his pillow of my knee \ 

The livelong night. 
Strike I my lute, he tunes the string, 
He music plays if so I sing ; 

He lends me every lovely thing, ] 

Yet cruel he my heart doth sting. { 

Whist, wanton, still ye I ; 

Else I with roses every day 

Will whip you hence, j 

And bind you, when you long to play, i 

For your offence ; I 

■1 



28 ROSALYNDE, OR 

I'll shut mine eyes to keep you in, 
rU make you fast it for your sin, 
I'll count your power not worth a pin. 
Alas, what hereby shall I win, 
If he gainsay me ? 

What if I beat the wanton boy 

With many a rod ? 
He will repay me with annoy. 

Because a God. 
Then sit thou safely on my knee, 
And let thy bower my bosom be ; 
Lurk in mine eyes, I like of thee. 
O Cupid, so thou pity me, 

Spare not but play thee. 

Scarce had Rosalynde ended her madrigal, before Toris- 
mond came in with his daughter Alinda and many of the 
peers of France, who were enamoured of her beauty ; which 
Torismond perceiving, fearing lest her perfection might be 
the beginning of his prejudice, and the hope of his fruit end 
in the beginning of her blossoms, he thought to banish her 
from the court : * for,' quoth he to himself, < her face is so full 
of favour, that it pleads pity in the eye of every man ; her 
beauty is so heavenly and divine, that she will prove to me 
as Helen did to Priam ; some one of the peers will aim 
at her love, end the marriage, and then in his wife's right 
attempt the kingdom. To prevent therefore had I iv'ist in 
all these actions, she tarries not about the court, but shall, 
as an exile, either wander to her father, or else seek other 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 29 

fortunes.' In this humour, with a stern countenance full of 
wrath, he breathed out this censure unto her before the peers, 
that charged her that that night she were not seen about the 
court : * for,' quoth he, * I have heard of thy aspiring speeches, 
and intended treasons/ This doom was strange unto Rosa- 
lynde, and presently, covered with the shield of her innocence, 
she boldly brake out in reverent terms to have cleared her- 
self; but Torismond would admit of no reason, nor durst his 
lords plead for Rosalynde, although her beauty had made 
some of them passionate, seeing the figure of wrath portrayed 
in his brow. Standing thus all mute, and Rosalynde amazed, 
Alinda, who loved her more than herself, with grief in her 
heart and tears in her eyes, falling down on her knees, began 
to entreat her father thus : 

* If, mighty Torismond, I offend in pleading for my friend, 
let the law of amity crave pardon for my boldness ; for 
where there is depth of affection, there friend- ^,. , , 

. ., r* J T -^"""^ ^ oration 

ship alloweth a privilege. Rosalynde and I to her father 
have been fostered up from our infancies, '"'^^f'""°-f 

, , , r f^*^ Rosalynae. 

and nursed under the harbour or our con- 
versing together with such private familiarities, that custom 
had wrought a union of our nature, and the sympathy of 
our affections such a secret love, that we have two bodies 
and one soul. Then marvel not, great Torismond, if, seeing 
my friend distressed, I find myself perplexed with a thousand 
sorrows ; for her virtuous and honourable thoughts, which 
are the glories that maketh women excellent, they be such 



30 ROSALYNDE, OR 

as may challenge love, and rase out suspicion. Her obedi- 
ence to your majesty I refer to the censure of your own eye, 
that since her father's exile had smothered all griefs with 
patience, and in the absence of nature, hath honoured you with 
all duty, as her own father by nouriture, not in word uttering 
any discontent, nor in thought, as far as conjecture may 
reach, hammering on revenge ; only in all her actions seeking 
to please you, and to win my favour. Her wisdom, silence, 
chastity, and other such rich qualities, I need not decipher ; 
only it rests for me to conclude in one word, that she is 
innocent. If then, fortune, who triumphs in a variety of 
miseries, hath 'presented some envious person, as minister of 
her intended stratagem, to taint Rosalynde with any surmise of 
treason, let him be brought to her face, and confirm his accus- 
ation by witnesses*; which proved, let her die, and Alinda will 
execute the massacre. If none can avouch any confirmed 
relation of her intent, use justice, my lord, it is the glory of a 
king, and let her live in your wonted favour ; for if you banish 
her, myself, as copartner of her hard fortunes, will participate 
in exile some part of her extremities.' 

Torismond, at this speech of Alinda, covered his face 
with such a frown, as tyranny seemed to sit triumphant in 
his forehead, and checked her up with such taunts, as made 
the lords, that only were hearers, to tremble. 

< Proud girl,' quoth he, * hath my looks made thee so 
light of tongue, or my favours encouraged thee to be so 
forward, that thou darest presume to preach after thy father ? 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 31 

Hath not my years more experience than thy youth, and the 
winter of mine age deeper insight into civil policy, than 
the prime of thy flourishing days ? The old lion avoids the 
toils, where the young one leaps into the net : the care 
of age is provident and foresees much : suspicion is a virtue, 
where a man holds his enemy in his bosom. Thou, fond 
girl, measurest all by present affection, and as thy heart 
loves, thy thoughts censure ; but if thou knowest that in 
liking Rosalynde thou hatchest up a bird to peck out thine 
own eyes, thou wouldst entreat as much for her absence as 
now thou delightest in her presence. But why do I allege 
policy to thee ? Sit you down, housewife, and fall to your 
needle : if idleness make you so wanton, or liberty so mala- 
pert, I can quickly tie you to a sharper task. And you, 
maid, this night be packing, either into Arden to your 
father, or whither best it shall content your humour, but in 
the court you shall not abide.' 

This rigorous reply of Torismond nothing amazed Alinda, 
for still she prosecuted her plea in the defence of Rosalynde, 
wishing her father, if his censure might not be reversed, that 
he would appoint her partner of her exile ; which if he refused 
to do, either she would by some secret means steal out .and 
follow her, or else end her days with some desperate kind 
of death. When Torismond heard his daughter so resolute, 
his heart was so hardened against her, that he set down a 
definite and peremptory sentence, that they should both be 
banished, which presently was done, the tyrant rather choosing 



■'J 

32 ROSALYNDE, OR 

to hazard the loss of his only child than anyways to put 
in question the state of his kingdom ; so suspicious and 
fearful is the conscience of an usurper. Well, although his 
lords persuaded him to retain his own daughter, yet his 
resolution might not be reversed, but both of them must away 
from the court without either more company or delay. In 
he went with great melancholy, and left these two ladies 
alone. Rosalynde waxed very sad, and sate down and wept. 
Alinda she smiled, and sitting by her friend began thus to 
comfort her : 

*Why, how now, Rosalynde, dismayed with a frown of 
contrary fortune ? Have I not oft heard thee say, that 

high minds were discovered in fortune's con- 
comfoH to tempt, and heroical scene in the depth of 

perplexed extremities ? Thou wert wont to tell others 

that complained of distress, that the sweetest 
salve for misery was patience, and the only medicine for 
want that precious implaister of content. Being such a good 
physician to others, wilt thou not minister receipts to thy- 
self? But perchance thou wilt say : 

Consulenti nunquam caput doluit. 

Why then, if the patients that are sick of this disease can 
find in themselves neither reason to persuade, nor art to cure, 
yet, Rosalynde, admit of the counsel of a friend, and apply 
the salves that may appease thy passions. If thou grievest 
that being the daughter of a prince, and envy thwarteth thee 



4 

EUPHUES* GOLDEN LEGACY 33 

with such hard exigents, think that royalty is a fair mark, 
that crowns have crosses when mirth is in cottages ; that the 
fairer the rose is, the sooner it is bitten with caterpillars ; the 
more orient the pearl is, the more apt to take a blemish ; 
and the greatest birth, as it hath most honour, so it hath 
much envy. If then fortune aimeth at the fairest, be 
patient Rosalynde, for first by thine exile thou goest to thy 
father : nature is higher prized than wealth, and the love 
of one's parents ought to be more precious than all dignities. 
Why then doth my Rosalynde grieve at the frown of 
Torismond, who by offering her a prejudice proffers her a 
greater pleasure ? and more, mad lass, to be melancholy, 
when thou hast with thee Alinda, a friend who will be a 
faithful copartner of all thy misfortunes, who hath left 
her father to follow thee, and chooseth rather to brook all 
extremities than to forsake thy presence. What, Rosalynde, 

Solamen miseris socios habuisse doloris. 

Cheerly, woman : as we have been bed-fellows in royalty, 
we will be fellow-mates in poverty : I will ever be thy Alinda, 
and thou shalt ever rest to me Rosalynde ; so shall the world 
canonize our friendship, and speak of Rosalynde and Alinda, 
as they did of Pylades and Orestes. And if ever fortune 
smile, and we return to our former honour, then folding 
ourselves in the sweet of our friendship, we shall merrily 
say, calling to mind our forepassed miseries : 

Olim haec meminisse juvabit.' 



34 ROSALYNDE, OR 

At this Rosalynde began to comfort her, and after she 
had wept a few kind tears in the bosom of her Alinda, she 
gave her hearty thanks, and then they sat them down to 
consult how they should travel. Alinda grieved at nothing 
but that they might have no man in their company, saying 
it would be their greatest prejudice in that two women 
went wandering without either guide or attendant. 

<Tush,' quoth Rosalynde, < art thou a woman, and hast 
not a sudden shift to prevent a misfortune ? I, thou seest, am 
of a tall stature, and would very well become the person and 
apparel of a page ; thou shalt be my mistress, and I will play 
the man so properly, that, trust me, in what company so- 
ever I come I will not be discovered. I will buy me a suit, 
and have my rapier very handsomely at my side, and if any 
knave offer wrong, your page will show him the point of 
his weapon.' 

At this Alinda smiled, and upon this they agreed, and 
presently gathered up all their jewels, which they trussed up 
in a casket, and Rosalynde in all haste provided her of robes, 
and Alinda, from her royal weeds, put herself in more home- 
like attire. Thus fitted to the purpose, away go these two 
friends, having now changed their names, Alinda being called 
Aliena, and Rosalynde Ganymede. They travelled along the 
vineyards, and by many by-ways at last got to the forest side, 
where they travelled by the space of two or three days with- 
out seeing any creature, being often in danger of wild beasts, 
and pained with many passionate sorrows. Now the black ox 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 35 

began to tread on their feet, and Alinda thought of her wonted 
royalty ; but when she cast her eyes on her Rosalyndc, she 
thought every danger a step to honour. Passing thus on along, 
about midday they came to a fountain, compassed with a grove 
of cypress trees, so cunningly and curiously planted, as if some 
goddess had entreated nature in that place to make her an 
arbour. By this fountain sat Aliena and her Ganymede, 
and forth they pulled such victuals as they had, and fed 
as merrily as if they had been in Paris with all the king's 
delicates, Aliena only grieving that they could not so much 
as meet with a shepherd to discourse them the way to 
some place where they might make their abode. At last 
Ganymede casting up his eye espied where on a tree was 
engraven certain verses ; which as soon as he espied, he cried 
out : 

* Be of good cheer, mistress, I spy the figures of men ; for 
here in these trees be engraven certain verses of shepherds, 
or some other swains that inhabit hereabout.* 

With that Aliena start up joyful to hear these news, and 
looked, where they found carved in the bark of a pine tree 
this passion : 

MoNTANUs's Passion 

Hadst thou been born whereas perpetual cold 
Makes Tanais hard, and mountains silver old ; 
Had 1 complained unto a marble stone, 
Or to the floods bewrayed my bitter moan, 
I then could bear the burthen of my grief: 



36 ROSALYNDE, OR 

But even the pride of countries at thy birth, 
Whilst heavens did smile, did new array the earth 

With flowers chief; 
Yet thou, the flower of beauty blessed born, 
Hast pretty looks, but all attired in scorn. 
Had I the power to weep sweet Mirrha's tears, 
Or by my plaints to pierce repining ears ; 
Hadst thou the heart to smile at my complaint. 
To scorn the woes that doth my heart attaint, 

I then could bear the burthen of my grief: 
But not my tears, but truth with thee prevails. 
And seeming sour my sorrows thee assails : 

Yet small relief; 
For if thou wilt thou art of marble hard. 
And if thou please my suit shall soon be heard. 

* No doubt/ quoth Aliena, * this poesy is the passion 
of some perplexed shepherd, that being enamoured of 
some fair and beautiful shepherdess, suffered some sharp 
repulse, and therefore complained of the cruelty of his 
mistress.' 

* You may see,' quoth Ganymede, < what mad cattle you 
women be, whose hearts sometimes are made of adamant that 
will touch with no impression, and sometime of wax that is 
fit for every form : they delight to be courted, and then 
they glory to seem coy, and when they are most desired 
then they freeze with disdain : and this fault is so common 
to the sex, that you see it painted out in the shepherd's 
passions, who found his mistress as froward as he was 
enamoured.* 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 37 

* And I pray you/ quoth Aliena, * if your robes were 
off, what mettle are you made of that you are so satirical 
against women ? Is it not a foul bird defiles the own nest ? 
Beware, Ganymede, that Rosader hear you not, if he do, 
perchance you will make him leap so far from love, that 
he will anger every vein in your heart.' 

* Thus,' quoth Ganymede, * I keep decorum : I speak 
now as I am Aliena's page, not as I am Gerismond's 
daughter ; for put me but into a petticoat, and I will stand in 
defiance to the uttermost, that women are courteous, constant, 
virtuous, and what not.' 

* Stay there,' quoth Aliena, * and no more words, for 
yonder be characters graven upon the bark of the tall beech 
tree.' 

* Let us see,' quoth Ganymede ; and with that they read 
a fancy written to this effect : 

First shall the heavens want starry light, 

The seas be robbed of their waves, 
The day want sun, and sun want bright. 

The night want shade, the dead men graves, 
The April flowers and leaf and tree, 
Before I false my faith to thee. 

First shall the tops of highest hills 

By humble plains be overpried, 
And poets scorn the Muses' quills, 

And fish forsake the water glide, 
And Iris loose her coloured weed, 
Before I fail thee at thy need. 



38 ROSALYNDE, OR 

First direful hate shall turn to peace, 

And love relent in deep disdain, 
And death his fatal stroke shall cease, 

And envy pity every pain. 
And pleasure mourn and sorrow^ smile, 
Before I talk of any guile. 

First time shall stay his stayless race, 
And winter bless his brows with corn. 

And snow bemoisten July's face. 

And winter spring, and summer mourn. 

Before my pen, by help of fame. 

Cease to recite thy sacred name. 

Montanus. 

* No doubt,' quoth Ganymede, * this protestation grew 
from one full of passions.' 

« I am of that mind too,' quoth Aliena, * but see, I 
pray, when poor women seek to keep themselves chaste, 
how men woo them with many feigned promises ; alluring 
with sweet words as the Sirens, and after proving as troth- 
less as Aeneas. Thus promised Demophoon to his Phyllis, 
but who at last grew more false ? ' 

* The reason was,' quoth Ganymede, *that they were 
women's sons, and took that fault of their mother, for if 
man had grown from man, as Adam did from the earth, 
men had never been troubled with inconstancy.' 

* Leave off,' quoth Aliena, * to taunt thus bitterly, or else 
I'll pull off your page's apparel, and whip you, as Venus 
doth her wantons, with nettles.' 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 39 

* So you will/ quoth Ganymede, ' persuade me to flattery, 
and that needs not : but come, seeing we have found here 
by this fount the tract of shepherds by their madrigals 
and roundelays, let us forward ; for either we shall find 
some folds, sheepcotes, or else some cottages wherein for a 
day or two to rest/ 

* Content,' quoth Aliena, and with that they rose up, 
and marched forward till towards the even, and then coming 
into a fair valley, compassed with mountains, whereon grew 
many pleasant shrubs, they might descry where two flocks of 
sheep did feed. Then, looking about, they might perceive 
where an old shepherd sat, and with him a young swaine, 
under a covert most pleasantly situated. The ground where 
they sat was diapered with Flora's riches, as if she 
meant to wrap Tellus in the glory of her vestments : round 
about in the form of an amphitheatre were most curiously 
planted pine trees, interseamed with limons and citrons, 
which with the thickness of their boughs so shadowed the 
place, that Phoebus could not pry into the secret of that 
arbour ; so united were the tops with so thick a closure, that 
Venus might there in her jollity have dallied unseen with 
her dearest paramour. Fast by, to make the place more 
gorgeous, was there a fount so crystalline and clear, that it 
seemed Diana with her Dryades and Hamadryades had that 
spring, as the secret of all their bathings. In this glorious 
arbour sat these two shepherds, seeing their sheep feed, 
playing on their pipes many pleasant tunes, and from music 



40 ROSALYNDE, OR 

and melody falling into much amorous chat. Drawing more 
nigh we might descry the countenance of the one to be full 
of sorrow, his face to be the very portraiture of discontent, 
and his eyes full of woes, that living he seemed to die : we, 
to hear what these were, stole privily behind the thicket, 
where we overheard this discourse : 

A Pleasant Eclogue between Montanus and Corydon 
Corydon 

Say, shepherd's boy, v^^hat makes thee greet so sore ? 
"Why leaves thy pipe his pleasure and delight ? 
Young are thy years, thy cheeks with roses dight : 
Then sing for joy, sweet swain, and sigh no more. 

This milk-white poppy, and this climbing pine 
Both promise shade ; then sit thee down and sing. 
And make these woods with pleasant notes to ring, 
Till Phoebus deign all westward to decline. 

Montanus 

Ah, Corydon, unmeet is melody 
To him whom proud contempt hath overborne : 
Slain are my joys by Phoebe's bitter scorn ; 
Far hence my weal, and near my jeopardy. 

Love's burning brand is couched in my breast. 
Making a Phoenix of my faintful heart : 
And though his fury do enforce my smart, 
Ay blithe am I to honour his behest. 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 

Prepared to woes, since so my Phoebe wills, 
My looks dismayed, since Phoebe will disdain ; 
I banish bliss and welcome home my pain: 
So stream my tears as showers from Alpine hills. 

In error's mask I blindfold judgment's eye, 
I fetter reason in the snares of lust, 
I seem secure, yet know not how to trust; 
I live by that which makes me living die. 

Devoid of rest, companion of distress, 
Plague to myself, consumed by my thought, 
How may my voice or pipe in tune be brought, 
Since I am reft of solace and delight? 

Corydon 

Ah, lorrel lad, what makes thee hery love? 
A sugared harm, a poison full of pleasure, 
A painted shrine full filled with rotten treasure; 
A heaven in show, a hell to them that prove. 

A gain in seeming, shadowed still with want, 
A broken staff which folly doth uphold, 
A flower that fades with every frosty cold, 
An orient rose sprung from a withered plant. 

A minute's joy to gain a world of grief, 

A subtle net to snare the idle mind, 

A seeing scorpion, yet in seeming blind, 

A poor rejoice, a plague without relief. 

Forthy, Montanus, follow mine arede, 

Whom age hath taught the trains that fancy useth, 

Leave foolish love, for beauty wit abuseth. 

And drowns, by folly, virtue's springing seed. 



42 ROSALYNDE, OR 

Montanus 

So blames the child the flame because it burns, 
And bird the snare because it doth entrap, 
And fools true love because of sorry hap, 
And sailors curse the ship that overturns. 

But would the child forbear to play with flame, 
And birds beware to trust the fowler's gin. 
And fools foresee before they fall and sin, 
And masters guide their ships in better frame ; 

The child would praise the fire because it warms, 
And birds rejoice to see the fowler fail, 
And fools prevent before their plagues prevail, 
And sailors bless the barque that saves from harms. 

Ah, Corydon, though many be thy years, 
And crooked elde hath some experience left. 
Yet is thy mind of judgment quite bereft. 
In view of love, whose power in me appears. 

The ploughman little wots to turn the pen. 

Or bookman skills to guide the ploughman's cart; 

Nor can the cobbler count the terms of art, 

Nor base men judge the thoughts of mighty men. 

Nor withered age, unmeet for beauty's guide, 
Uncapable of love's impression, 
Discourse of that whose choice possession 
May never to so base a man be tied. 

But I, whom nature makes of tender mould, 
And youth most pliant yields to fancy's fire, 
Do build my haven and heaven on sweet desire, 
On sweet desire, more dear to me than gold. 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 43 , 

Think I of love, oh, how my lines aspire 1 j 

How haste the Muses to embrace my brows, ! 
And hem my temples in with laurel boughs, 

And fill my brains with chaste and holy fire ! j 

Then leave my lines their homely equipage, 

Mounted beyond the circle of the sun: | 

Amazed I read the stile when I have done, 

And hery love that sent that heavenly rage. < 

Of Phoebe then, of Phoebe then I sing, 
Drawing the purity of all the spheres, 
The pride of earth, or what in heaven appears, 
Her honoured face and fame to light to bring. 

In fluent numbers, and in pleasant veins, ; 

I rob both sea and earth of all their state, 

To praise her parts: I charm both time and fate, | 

To bless the nymph that yields me lovesick pains. 

My sheep are turned to thoughts, whom froward will 

Guides in the restless labyrinth of love ; 

Fear lends them pasture wheresoe'er they move, ' 

And by their death their life reneweth still. 

My sheephook is my pen, mine oaten reed , 

My paper, where my many woes are written. 

Thus silly swain, with love and fancy bitten, j 

I trace the plains of pain in woeful weed. 

I 
Yet are my cares, my broken sleeps, my tears, j 

My dreams, my doubts, for Phoebe sweet to me: 

Who waiteth heaven in sorrow's vale must be, ■ 

And glory shines where danger most appears. j 



44 ROSALYNDE, OR 

Then, Corydon, although I blithe me not, 
Blame me not, man, since sorrow is my sweet: 
So willeth love, and Phoebe thinks it meet, 
And kind Montanus liketh well his lot. 

Corydon 

O stayless youth, by error so misguided, 
Where will proscribeth laws to perfect wits, 
Where reason mourns, and blame in triumph sits. 
And folly poisoneth all that time provided 1 

With wilful blindness bleared, prepared to shame. 
Prone to neglect Occasion when she smiles : 
Alas, that love, by fond and froward guiles, 
Should make thee tract the path to endless blame! 

Ah, my Montanus, cursed is the charm. 
That hath bewitched so thy youthful eyes. 
Leave off in time to like these vanities. 
Be forward to thy good, and fly thy harm. 

As many bees as Hybla daily shields. 
As many fry as fleet on ocean's face. 
As many herds as on the earth do trace, 
As many flowers as deck the fragrant fields. 

As many stars as glorious heaven contains. 
As many storms as wayward winter weeps, 
As many plagues as hell enclosed keeps, 
So many griefs in love, so many pains. 

Suspicions, thoughts, desires, opinions, prayers, 
Mislikes, misdeeds, fond joys, and feigned peace. 
Illusions, dreams, great pains, and small increase. 
Vows, hopes, acceptance, scorns, and deep despairs, 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 45 

Truce, war, and woe do wait at beauty's gate ; 
Time lost, laments, reports, and privy grudge, 
And last, fierce love is but a partial judge, 
Who yields for service shame, for friendship hate. 

Montanus 
All adder-like I stop mine ears, fond swain, 
So charm no more, for I will never change. 
Call home thy flocks in time that straggling range, 
For lo, the sun declineth hence amain. 

Terentius 
In amore haec omnia insunt vitia : induciae, inimicitiae, bellum, 
pax rursum : incerta haec si tu postules ratione certa fieri, nihilo 
plus agas, quam si des operam, ut cum ratione insanias. 

The shepherds having thus ended their eclogue, Aliena 
stepped with Ganymede from behind the thicket ; at whose 
sudden sight the shepherds arose, and Aliena saluted them 
thus : 

* Shepherds, all hail, for such we deem you by your 
flocks, and lovers, good luck, for such you seem by your 
passions, our eyes being witness of the one, and our ears 
of the other. Although not by love, yet by fortune, I 
am a distressed gentlewoman, as sorrowful as you are 
passionate, and as full of woes as you of perplexed thoughts. 
Wandering this way in a forest unknown, only I and my 
page, wearied with travel, would fain have some place of 
rest. May you appoint us any place of quiet harbour, be it 
never so mean, I shall be thankful to you, contented in 
myself, and grateful to whosoever shall be mine host.' 



46 ROSALYNDE, OR 

Corydon, hearing the gentlewoman speak so courteously, 
returned her mildly and reverently this answer : 

* Fair mistress, we return you as hearty a welcome as 
you gave us a courteous salute. A shepherd I am, and this 
a lover, as watchful to please his wench as to feed his sheep : 
full of fancies, and therefore, say I, full of follies. Exhort 
him I may, but persuade him I cannot; for love admits 
neither of counsel nor reason. But leaving him to his 
passions, if you be distressed, I am sorrowful such a fair 
creature is crossed with calamity ; pray for you I may, but 
relieve you I cannot. Marry, if you want lodging, if you 
vouch to shroud yourselves in a shepherd's cottage, my 
house for this night shall be your harbour.' 

Aliena thanked Corydon greatly, and presently sate her 
down and Ganymede by her. Corydon looking earnestly upon 
her, and with a curious survey viewing all her perfections, 
applauded in his thought her excellence, and pitying her 
distress was desirous to hear the cause of her misfortunes, 
began to question her thus : 

* If I should not, fair damosel, occasion offence, or 
renew your griefs by rubbing the scar, I would fain crave 
so much favour as to know the cause of your misfortunes, and 
why, and whither you wander with your page in so dangerous 
a forest ? ' 

Aliena, that was as courteous as she was fair, made this 
reply : 

* Shepherd, a friendly demand ought never to be offensive. 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 47 

and questions of courtesy carry privileged pardons in their 
foreheads. Know, therefore, to discover my fortunes were 
to renew my sorrows, and I should, by discoursing my mis- 
haps, but rake fire out of the cinders. Therefore let this 
suffice, gentle shepherd : my distress is as great as my 
travel is dangerous, and I wander in this forest to light on 
some cottage where I and my page may dwell : for I mean 
to buy some farm, and a flock of sheep, and so become a 
shepherdess, meaning to live low, and content me with a 
country life ; for I have heard the swains say, that they 
drunk without suspicion, and slept without care.' 

* Marry, mistress,' quoth Corydon, * if you mean so you came 
in good time, for my landslord intends to sell both the farm 
I till, and the flock I keep, and cheap you may have them 
for ready money : and for a shepherd's life, O mistress, did 
you but live awhile in their content, you would say the court 
were rather a place of sorrow than of solace. Here, mis- 
tress, shall not fortune thwart you, but in mean misfortunes, 
as the loss of a few sheep, which, as it breeds no beggary, 
so it can be no extreme prejudice : the next year may 
mend all with a fresh increase. Envy stirs not us, we 
covet not to climb, our desires mount not above our degrees, 
nor our thoughts above our fortunes. Care cannot harbour 
in our cottages, nor do our homely couches know broken 
slumbers ; as we exceed not in diet, so we have enough to 
satisfy : and, mistress, I have so much Latin, Satis est quod 
sufficit.' 



48 ROSALYNDE, OR 

* By my troth, shepherd/ quoth Aliena, * thou makest me 
in love with your country life, and therefore send for thy 
landslord, and I will buy thy farm and thy flocks, and thou 
shall still under me be overseer of them both : only for 
pleasure sake I and my page will serve you, lead the flocks 
to the field, and fold them. Thus will I live quiet, un- 
known, and contented.' 

This news so gladded the heart of Corydon, that he 
should not be put out of his farm, that putting off his 
shepherd's bonnet, he did her all the reverence that he might. 
But all this while sate Montanus in a muse, thinking of the 
cruelty of his Phoebe, whom he wooed long, but was in no 
hope to win. Ganymede, who still had the remembrance 
of Rosader in his thoughts, took delight to see the poor 
shepherd passionate, laughing at Love, that in all his actions 
was so imperious. At last, when she had noted his tears 
that stole down his cheeks, and his sighs that broke from the 
centre of his heart, pitying his lament, she demanded of 
Corydon why the young shepherd looked so sorrowful. 

* O sir,' quoth he, * the boy is in love.' 

* Why,' quoth Ganymede, * can shepherds love ? ' 

* Aye,' quoth Montanus, ' and overlove, else shouldst not 
thou see me so pensive Love, I tell thee, is as precious in 
a shepherd's eye, as in the looks of a king, and we country 
swains entertain fancy with as great delight as the proudest 
courtier doth affection. Opportunity, that is the sweetest 
friend to Venus, harboureth in our cottages, and loyalty, the 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 49 

chiefest fealty that Cupid requires, is found more among 
shepherds than higher degrees. Then, ask not if such 
silly swains can love.' 

*What is the cause then,' quoth Ganymede, * that love 
being so sweet to thee, thou lookest so sorrowful ? ' 

< Because,' quoth Montanus, < the party beloved is froward, 
and having courtesy in her looks, holdeth disdain in her 
tongue's end.' 

* What hath she, then,' quoth Aliena, * in her heart ? ' 

* Desire, I hope madam,' quoth he, * or else, my hope lost, 
despair in love were death.' 

As thus they chatted, the sun being ready to set, and 
they not having folded their sheep, Cory don requested she 
would sit there with her page, till Montanus and he lodged 
their sheep for that night. 

* You shall go,' quoth Aliena, * but first I will entreat 
Montanus to sing some amorous sonnet, that he made when 
he hath been deeply passionate.' 

*That I will,' quoth Montanus, and with that he began 
thus : 

MoNTANus's Sonnet 

Phoebe sate, 
Sweet she sate, 

Sweet sate Phoebe when I saw her ; 
White her brow, 
Coy her eye : 

Brow and eye how much you please me ! 

E 



ROSALYNDE, OR 

Words I spent, 
Sighs I sent : 

Sighs and words could never draw her. 

my love, 
Thou art lost, 

Since no sight could ever ease thee. 

Phoebe sat 
By a fount ; 

Sitting by a fount I spied her : 
Sweet her touch, 
Rare her voice : 

Touch and voice what may distain you ? 
As she sung 

1 did sigh. 

And by sighs whilst that I tried her, 
O mine eyes 1 
You did lose 

Her first sight whose want did pain you. 

Phoebe's flocks. 
White as wool : 

Yet were Phoebe's locks more whiter. 
Photbe's eyes 
Dovelike mild : 

Dovelike eyes, both mild and cruel. 
Montan swears, 
In your lamps 

He will die for to delight her. 
Phoebe yield, 
Or I die: 

Shall true hearts be fancy's fuel ? 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 51 

Montanus had no sooner ended his sonnet, but Corydon 
with a low courtesy rose up and went with his fellow, and 
shut their sheep in the folds ; and after returning to Aliena 
and Ganymede, conducted them home weary to his poor 
cottage. By the way there was much good chat with Mon- 
tanus about his loves, he resolving Aliena that Phoebe was 
the fairest shepherdess in all France, and that in his eye her 
beauty was equal with the nymphs. 

* But,' quoth he, * as of all stones the diamond is most 
clearest, and yet most hard for the lapidary to cut : as of 
all flowers the rose is the fairest, and yet guarded with the 
sharpest prickles ; so of all our country lasses Phoebe is the 
brightest, but the most coy of all to stoop unto desire. But 
let her take heed,' quoth he, * I have heard of Narcissus, who 
for his high disdain against Love, perished in the folly of his 
own love.' 

With this they were at Corydon's cottage, where Montanus 
parted from them, and they went in to rest. Aliena and 
Ganymede glad of so contented a shelter, made merry with 
the poor swain j and though they had but country fare and 
coarse lodging, yet their welcome was so great, and their 
cares so little, that they counted their diet delicate, and 
slept as soundly as if they had been in the court of Toris- 
mond. The next morn they lay long in bed, as wearied 
with the toil of unaccustomed travel ; but as soon as they got 
up, Aliena resolved there to set up her rest, and by the help 
of Corydon swept a bargain with his landslord, and so became 



52 ROSALYNDE, OR 

mistress of the farm and the flock, herself putting on the 
attire of a shepherdess, and Ganymede of a young swain : 
every day leading forth her flocks, with such delight, that 
she held her exile happy, and thought no content to the 
bliss of a country cottage. Leaving her thus famous amongst 
the shepherds of Arden, again to Saladyne. 

When Saladyne had a long while concealed a secret reso- 
lution of revenge, and could no longer hide fire in the flax, 
nor oil in the flame, for envy is like lightning, that will 
appear in the darkest fog, it chanced on a morning very early 
he called up certain of his servants, and went with them 
to the chamber of Rosader, which being open, he entered 
with his crew, and surprised his brother being asleep, 
and bound him in fetters, and in the midst of his hall 
chained him to a post. Rosader, amazed at this strange 
chance, began to reason with his brother about the cause of 
this sudden extremity, wherein he had wronged, and what 
fault he had committed worthy so sharp a penance. 
Saladyne answered him only with a look of disdain, and 
went his way, leaving poor Rosader in a deep perplexity ; 
who, thus abused, fell into sundry passions, but no means of 
relief could be had : whereupon for anger he grew into a 
discontented melancholy. In which humour he continued 
two or three days without meat, insomuch that seeing his 
brother would give him no food, he fell into despair of his 
life. Which Adam Spencer, the old servant of Sir John 
of Bordeaux, seeing, touched with the duty and love he 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 53 

ought to his old master, felt a remorse in his conscience 
of his son's mishap ; and therefore, although Saladyne had 
given a general charge to his servants that none of them upon 
pain of death should give either meat or drink to Rosader, 
yet Adam Spencer in the night rose secretly, and brought him 
such victuals as he could provide, and unlocked him, and set 
him at liberty. After Rosader had well feasted himself, and 
felt he was loose, straight his thoughts aimed at revenge, 
and now, all being asleep, he would have quit Saladyne 
with the method of his own mischief. But Adam 
Spencer did persuade him to the contrary with these 
reasons : 

* Sir,' quoth he, * be content, for this night go again into 
your old fetters, so shall you try the faith of friends, and 
save the life of an old servant. To-morrow hath your 
brother invited all your kindred and allies to a solemn 
breakfast, only to see you, telling them all that you are 
mad, and fain to be tied to a post. As soon as they come, 
complain to them of the abuse proffered you by Saladyne. 
If they redress you, why so : but if they pass over your 
plaints sicco pede, and hold with the violence of your brother 
before your innocence, then thus : I will leave you unlocked 
that you may break out at your pleasure, and at the end 
of the hall shall you see stand a couple of good poleaxes, 
one for you and another for me. When I give you a wink, 
shake off your chains, and let us play the men, and make 
havoc amongst them, drive them out of the house and 



54 ROSALYNDE, OR 

maintain possession by force of arms, till the king hath 
made a redress of your abuses.' 

These words of Adam Spencer so persuaded Rosader, 
that he went to the place of his punishment, and stood there 
while the next morning. About the time appointed, came 
all the guests bidden by Saladyne, whom he entreated with 
courteous and curious entertainment, as they all perceived their 
welcome to be great. The tables in the hall, where Rosader 
was tied, were covered, and Saladyne bringing in his guests 
together, showed them where his brother was bound, and 
was enchained as a man lunatic. Rosader made reply, 
and with some invectives made complaints of the wrongs 
proffered him by Saladyne, desiring they would in pity seek 
some means for his relief. But in vain, they had stopped 
their ears with Ulysses, that were his words never so force- 
able, he breathed only his passions into the wind. They, 
careless, sat down with Saladyne to dinner, being very 
frolic and pleasant, washing their heads well with wine. 
At last, when the fume of the grape had entered peale-meale 
into their brains, they began in satirical speeches to rail 
against Rosader : which Adam Spencer no longer brooking, 
gave the sign, and Rosader shaking off his chains got a 
poleaxe in his hand, and flew amongst them with such 
violence and fury, that he hurt many, slew some, and drave 
his brother and the rest quite out of the house. Seeing the 
coast clear, he shut the doors, and being sore anhungered, 
and seeing such good victuals, he sat him down with Adam 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 55 

Spencer, and such good fellows as he knew were honest men, 
and there feasted themselves with such provision as Saladyne 
had prepared for his friends. After they had taken their 
repast, Rosader rampired up the house, lest upon a sudden 
his brother should raise some crew of his tenants, and 
surprise them unawares. But Saladyne took a contrary 
course, and went to the sheriff of the shire and made 
complaint of Rosader, who giving credit to Saladyne, in 
a determined resolution to revenge the gentleman's wrongs, 
took with him five-and-twenty tall men, and made a vow, 
either to break into the house and take Rosader, or else 
to coop him in till he made him yield by famine. In this 
determination, gathering a crew together, he went forward to 
set Saladyne in his former estate. News of this was brought 
unto Rosader, who smiling at the cowardice of his brother, 
brooked all the injuries of fortune with patience, expecting the 
coming of the sheriff. As he walked upon the battlements 
of the house, he descried where Saladyne and he drew 
near, with a troop of lusty gallants. At this he smiled, and 
called Adam Spencer, and showed him the envious treachery 
of his brother, and the folly of the sheriff to be so credulous. 
< Now, Adam,' quoth he, * what shall I do ? It rests for me 
either to yield up the house to my brother and seek a recon- 
cilement, or else issue out, and break through the company 
with courage, for cooped in like a coward I will not be. If 
I submit, ah Adam, I dishonour myself, and that is worse 
than death, for by such open disgraces, the fame of men 



56 ROSALYNDE, OR 

grows odious. If I issue out amongst them, fortune may 
favour me, and I may escape with life. But suppose the 
worst ; if I be slain, then my death shall be honourable to 
me, and so inequal a revenge infamous to Saladyne.' 

* Why then, master, forward and fear not ! Out amongst 
them; they be but faint-hearted losels, and for Adam 
Spencer, if he die not at your foot, say he is a dastard.' 

These words cheered up so the heart of young Rosader, 
that he thought himself sufficient for them all, and therefore 
prepared weapons for him and Adam Spencer, and were ready 
to entertain the sheriff; for no sooner came Saladyne and 
he to the gates, but Rosader, unlooked for, leaped out and 
assailed them, wounded many of them, and caused the rest 
to give back, so that Adam and he broke through the prease 
in despite of them all, and took their way towards the 
forest of Arden. This repulse so set the sheriff's heart on 
fire to revenge, that he straight raised all the country, and 
made hue and cry after them. But Rosader and Adam, 
knowing full well the secret ways that led through the 
vineyards, stole away privily through the province of Bor- 
deaux, and escaped safe to the forest of Arden. Being 
come thither, they were glad they had so good a harbour : 
but fortune, who is like the chameleon, variable with every 
object, and constant in nothing but inconstancy, thought 
to make them mirrors of her mutability, and therefore still 
crossed them thus contrarily. Thinking still to pass on by 
the by-ways to get to Lyons, they chanced on a path that led 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 57 

into the thick of the forest, where they wandered five or 
six days without meat, that they were almost famished 
finding neither shepherd nor cottage to relieve them ; and 
hunger growing on so extreme, Adam Spencer, being old, 
began first to faint, and sitting him down on a hill, and look- 
ing about him, espied where Rosader lay as feeble and as ill 
perplexed : which sight made him shed tears, and to fall 
into these bitter terms : 

* Oh, how the life of man may well be compared to the 
state of the ocean seas, that for every calm jij^m Spencer's 
hath a thousand storms, resembling the rose speech. 
tree, that for a few fair flowers hath a multitude of sharp 
prickles ! All our pleasures end in pain, and our highest 
delights are crossed with deepest discontents. The joys 
of man, as they are few, so are they momentary, scarce ripe 
before they are rotten, and withering in the blossom, either 
parched with the heat of envy or fortune. Fortune, O 
inconstant friend, that in all thy deeds art froward and 
fickle, delighting, in the poverty of the lowest and the over- 
throw of the highest, to decipher thy inconstancy. Thou 
standest upon a globe, and thy wings are plumed with Time's 
feathers, that thou mayest ever be restless ; thou art double- 
faced like Janus, carrying frowns in the one to threaten, 
and smiles in the other to betray : thou profl^erest an eel, 
and performest a scorpion, and where thy greatest favours 
be, there is the fear of the extremest misfortunes, so variable 
are all thy actions. But why, Adam, dost thou exclaim 



58 ROSALYNDE, OR 

against Fortune? She laughs at the plaints of the dis- 
tressed, and there is nothing more pleasing unto her, than 
to hear fools boast in her fading allurements, or sorrowful 
men to discover the sour of their passions. Glut her not, 
Adam, then with content, but thwart her with brooking all 
mishaps with patience. For there is no greater check to 
the pride of Fortune, than with a resolute courage to pass 
over her crosses without care. Thou art old, Adam, and thy 
hairs wax white : the palm tree is already full of blooms, 
and in the furrows of thy face appears the calendars of 
death. Wert thou blessed by Fortune thy years could not be 
many, nor the date of thy life long : then sith nature must 
have her due, what is it for thee to resign her debt a little 
before the day. Ah, it is not this which grieveth me, nor 
do I care what mishaps Fortune can wage against me, but 
the sight of Rosader that galleth unto the quick. When 
I remember the worships of his house, the honour of his 
fathers, and the virtues of himself, then do I say, that 
fortune and the fates are most injurious, to censure so hard 
extremes, against a youth of so great hope. O Rosader, 
thou art in the flower of thine age, and in the pride of thy 
years, buxom and full of May. Nature hath prodigally 
enriched thee with her favours, and virtue made thee the 
mirror of her excellence ; and now, through the decree of 
the unjust stars, to have all these good parts nipped in the 
blade, and blemished by the inconstancy of fortune ! Ah, 
Rosader, could I help thee, my grief were the less, and 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 59 

happy should my death be, if it might be the beginning of 
thy relief: but seeing we perish both in one extreme, it is 
a double sorrow. What shall I do ? prevent the sight of his 
further misfortune with a present dispatch of mine own life ? 
Ah, despair is a merciless sin ! ' 

As he was ready to go forward in his passion, he looked 
earnestly on Rosader, and seeing him change colour, he rise 
up and went to him, and holding his temples, said : 

* What cheer, master ? though all fail, let not the heart 
faint: the courage of a man is showed in the resolution of 
his death.* 

At these words Rosader lifted up his eye, and looking on 
Adam Spencer, began to weep. 

* Ah, Adam,' quoth he, * I sorrow not to die, but I grieve at 
the manner of my death. Might I with my lance encounter 
the enemy, and so die in the field, it were honour and 
content: might I, Adam, combate with some wild beast 
and perish as his prey, I were satisfied ; but to die with 
hunger, O Adam, it is the extremest of all extremes ! ' 

* Master,' quoth he, * you see we are both in one predicament, 
and long I cannot live without meat ; seeing tlierefore we 
can find no food, let the death of the one preserve the life 
of the other. I am old, and overworn with age, you are 
young, and are the hope of many honours : let me then die, I 
will presently cut my veins, and, master, with the warm 
blood relieve your fainting spirits : suck on that till I end, 
and you be comforted.' 



6o ROSALYNDE, OR 

With that Adam Spencer was ready to pull out his knife, 
when Rosader full of courage, though very faint, rose up, and 
wished Adam Spencer to sit there till his return; *for my 
mind gives me,' quoth he, *I shall bring thee meat.* With 
that, like a madman, he rose up, and ranged up and down 
the woods, seeking to encounter some wild beast with his 
rapier, that either he might carry his friend Adam food, or 
else pledge his life in pawn for his loyalty. 

It chanced that day, that Gerismond, the lawful king of 
France banished by Torismond, who with a lusty crew of 
outlaws lived in that forest, that day in honour of his birth 
made a feast to all his bold yeomen, and frolicked it with 
store of wine and venison, sitting all at a long table under the 
shadow of limon trees. To that place by chance fortune 
conducted Rosader, who seeing such a crew of brave men, 
having store of that for want of which he and Adam 
perished, he stepped boldly to the board's end, and saluted 
the company thus : 

* Whatsoever thou be that art master of these lusty squires, 
I salute thee as graciously as a man in extreme distress 
may : know that I and a fellow-friend of mine are here 
famished in the forest for want of food : perish we must, 
unless relieved by thy favours. Therefore, if thou be a 
gentleman,, give meat to men, and to such men as are every 
way worthy of life. Let the proudest squire that sits at thy 
table rise and encounter with me in any honourable point of 
activity whatsoever, and if he and thou prove me not a man, 



EUPHUES* GOLDEN LEGACY 61 

send me away comfortless. If thou refuse this, as a niggard 
of thy cates, I will have amongst you with my sword ; for 
rather will I die valiantly, than perish with so cowardly an 
extreme.' 

Gerismond, looking him earnestly in the face, and seeing 
so proper a gentleman in so bitter a passion, was moved with 
so great pity, that rising from the table, he took him by the 
hand and bad him welcome, willing him to sit down in his 
place, and in his room not only to eat his fill, but be lord 
of the feast. 

* Gramercy, sir,' quoth Rosader, < but I have a feeble 
friend that lies hereby famished almost for food, aged and 
therefore less able to abide the extremity of hunger than my- 
self, and dishonour it were for me to taste one crumb, before 
I made him partner of my fortunes : therefore I will run and 
fetch him, and then I will gratefully accept of your proffer.' 

Away hies Rosader to Adam Spencer, and tells him the 
news, who was glad of so happy fortune, but so feeble he 
was that he could not go ; whereupon Rosader got him up 
on his back, and brought him to the place. Which when 
Gerismond and his men saw, they greatly applauded their 
league of friendship ; and Rosader, having Gerismond's place 
assigned him, would not sit there himself, but set down 
Adam Spencer. Well, to be short, those hungry squires fell 
to their victuals, and feasted themselves with good delicates, 
and great store of wine. As soon as they had taken their 
repast, Gerismond, desirous to hear what hard fortune drave 



62 ROSALYNDE, OR 

them into those bitter extremes, requested Rosader to 
discourse, if it were not any way prejudicial unto him, the 
cause of his travel. Rosader, desirous any way to satisfy the 
courtesy of his favourable host, first beginning his exordium 
with a volley of sighs, and a few lukewarm tears, prosecuted 
his discourse, and told him from point to point all his 
fortunes : how he was the youngest son of Sir John of 
Bordeaux, his name Rosader, how his brother sundry times 
had wronged him, and lastly how, for beating the sheriff 
and hurting his men, he fled. 

* And this old man,' quoth he, * whom I so much love and 
honour, is surnamed Adam Spencer, an old servant of my 
father's, and one, that for his love, never failed me in all my 
misfortunes.' 

When Gerismond heard this, he fell on the neck of 
Rosader, and next discoursing unto him how he was 
Gerismond their lawful king exiled by Torismond, what 
familiarity had ever been betwixt his father. Sir John of 
Bordeaux, and him, how faithful a subject he lived, and 
how honourable he died, promising, for his sake, to give 
both him and his friend such courteous entertainment as his 
present estate could minister, and upon this made him one of 
his foresters. Rosader seeing it was the king, craved pardon 
for his boldness, in that he did not do him due reverence, 
and humbly gave him thanks for his favourable courtesy. 
Gerismond, not satisfied yet with news, began to inquire if he 
had been lately in the court of Torismond, and whether he 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 63 

had seen his daughter Rosalynde or no ? At this Rosader 
fetched a deep sigh, and shedding many tears, could not 
answer : yet at last, gathering his spirits together, he revealed 
unto the king, how Rosalynde was banished, and how there 
was such a sympathy of affections between Alinda and her, 
that she chose rather to be partaker of her exile, than to 
part fellowship ; whereupon the unnatural king banished them 
both : * and now they are wandered none knows whither, 
neither could any learn since their departure, the place of 
their abode.' This news drave the king into a great 
melancholy, that presently he arose from all the company, 
and went into his privy chamber, so secret as the harbour of 
the woods would allow him. The company was all dashed 
at these tidings, and Rosader and Adam Spencer, having 
such opportunity, went to take their rest. Where we leave 
them, and return again to Torismond. 

The flight of Rosader came to the ears of Torismond, 
who hearing that Saladyne was sole heir of the lands of 
Sir John of Bordeaux, desirous to possess such fair revenues, 
found just occasion to quarrel with Saladyne about the 
wrongs he proffered to his brother : and therefore, dispatching 
a herehault, he sent for Saladyne in all post-haste. Who 
marvelling what the matter should be, began to examine his 
own conscience, wherein he had offended his highness ; but 
emboldened with his innocence, he boldly went with the here- 
hault unto the court ; where, as soon as he came, he was not 
admitted into the presence of the king, but presently sent to 



64 ROSALYNDE, OR 

prison. This greatly amazed Saladyne, chiefly in that the 
jailer had a straight charge over him, to see that he should 
be close prisoner. Many passionate thoughts came in his head, 
till at last he began to fall into consideration of his former 
follies, and to meditate with himself. Leaning his head on 
his hand, and his elbow on his knee, full of sorrow, grief and 
disquieted passions, he resolved into these terms: 

* Unhappy Saladyne ! whom folly hath led to these mis- 
fortunes, and wanton desires wrapped within the labyrinth of 
Saladyne' s these calamities ! Are not the heavens doomers 
complaint. of men's deeds ; and holds not God a balance 

in his fist, to reward with favour, and revenge with justice ? 
O Saladyne, the faults of thy youth, as they were fond, 
so were they foul, and not only discovering little nurture, but 
blemishing the excellence of nature. Whelps of one litter are 
ever most loving, and brothers that are sons of one father 
should live in ^friendship without jar. O Saladyne, so it 
should be ; but thou hast with the deer fed against the 
wind, with the crab strove against the stream, and sought 
to pervert nature by unkindness. Rosader's wrongs, the 
wrongs of Rosader, Saladyne, cries for revenge ; his youth 
pleads to God to inflict some penance upon thee ; his virtues 
are pleas that enforce writs of displeasure to cross thee : thou 
hast highly abused thy kind and natural brother, and the 
heavens cannot spare to quite thee with punishment. There 
is no sting to the worm of conscience, no hell to a mind 
touched with guilt. Every wrong I offered him, called now to 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 65 

remembrance, wringeth a drop of blood from my heart, every 
bad look, every frown pincheth me at the quick, and says, 
" Saladyne thou hast sinned against Rosader." Be penitent, 
and assign thyself some penance to discover thy sorrow, 
and pacify his wrath.' 

In the depth of his passion, he was sent for to the king, 
who with a look that threatened death entertained him, and 
demanded of him where his brother was. Salaayne made 
answer, that upon some riot made against the sheriff of 
the shire, he was fled from Bordeaux, but he knew not 
whither. 

* Nay, villain,' quoth he, * I have heard of the wrongs 
thou hast proffered thy brother since the death of thy father, 
and by thy means have I lost a most brave and resolute chevalier. 
Therefore, in justice to punish thee, I spare thy life for thy 
father's sake, but banish thee for ever from the court and 
country of France ; and see thy departure be within ten 
days, else trust me thou shalt lose thy head.' 

And with that the king flew away in a rage, and left poor 
Saladyne greatly perplexed ; who grieving at his exile, yet 
determined to bear it with patience, and in penance of his 
former follies to travel abroad in every coast till he had found 
out his brother Rosader. With whom now I begin. 

Rosader, being thus preferred to the place of a forester 
by Gerismond, rooted out the remembrance of his brother's 
unkindness by continual exercise, traversing the groves and 
wild forests, partly to hear the melody of the sweet birds 



66 ROSALYNDE, OR 

which recorded, and partly to show his diligent endeavour 
in his master^s behalf. Yet whatsoever he did, or howso- 
ever he walked, the lively image of Rosalynde remained in 
memory : on her sweet perfections he fed his thoughts, 
proving himself like the eagle a true-born bird, since as the 
one is known by beholding the sun, so was he by regarding 
excellent beauty. One day among the rest, finding a fit 
opportunity and place convenient, desirous to discover his woes 
to the woods, he engraved with his knife on the bark of a 
myrtle tree, this pretty estimate of his mistress' perfection : 

SONETTO 

Of all chaste birds the Phoenix doth excell, 
Of all strong beasts the lion bears the bell, 
Of all sweet flowers the rose doth sweetest smell, 
Of all fair maids my Rosalynde is fairest. 

Of all pure metals gold is only purest, 

Of all high trees the pine hath highest crest, 

Of all soft sweets I like my mistress' breast, 

Of all chaste thoughts my mistress' thoughts are rarest. 

Of all proud birds the eagle pleaseth Jove, 
Of pretty fowls kind Venus likes the dove, 
Of trees Minerva doth the olive love. 
Of all sweet nymphs I honour Rosalynde. 

Of all her gifts her wisdom pleaseth most. 
Of all her graces virtue she doth boast : 
For all these gifts my life and joy is lost, 
If Rosalynde prove cruel and unkind. 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 67 

In these and such like passions Rosader did every day 
eternize the name of his Rosalynde ; and this day especially 
when Aliena and Ganymede, enforced by the heat of the sun 
to seek for shelter, by good fortune arrived in that place, 
where this amorous forester registered his melancholy passions. 
They saw the sudden change of his looks, his folded arms, 
his passionate sighs : they heard him often abruptly call on 
Rosalynde, who, poor soul, was as hotly burned as himself, 
but that she shrouded her pains in the cinders of honourable 
modesty. Whereupon, guessing him to be in love, and 
according to the nature of their sex being pitiful in that 
behalf, they suddenly brake off his melancholy by their 
approach, and Ganymede shook him out of his dumps thus : 

* What news, forester ? hast thou wounded some deer, 
and lost him in the fall ? Care not man for so small a loss : 
thy fees was but the skin, the shoulder, and the horns : 'tis 
hunter's luck to aim fair and miss ; and a woodman's 
fortune to strike and yet go without the game.' 

* Thou art beyond the mark, Ganymede,' quoth Aliena : 
* his passions are greater, and his sighs discovers more loss : 
perhaps in traversing these thickets, he hath seen some 
beautiful nymph, and is grown amorous.' 

* It may be so,' quoth Ganymede, * for here he hath newly 
engraven some sonnet : come, and see the discourse of the 
forester's poems.' 

Reading the sonnet over, and hearing him name Rosalynde, 
Aliena looked on Ganymede and laughed, and Ganymede 



68 ROSALYNDE, OR 

looking back on the forester, and seeing it was Rosader, 
blushed ; yet thinking to shroud all under her page's apparel, 
she boldly returned to Rosader, and began thus : 

* I pray thee tell me, forester, what is this Rosalynde for 
whom thou pinest away in such passions ? Is she some 
nymph that waits upon Diana's train, whose chastity thou 
hast deciphered in such epithets ? Or is she some shep- 
herdess that haunts these plains whose beauty hath so 
bewitched thy fancy, whose name thou shadowest in covert 
under the figure of Rosalynde, as Ovid did Julia under the 
name of Corinna ? Or say me forsooth, is it that Rosalynde, 
of whom we shepherds have heard talk, she, forester, that 
is the daughter of Gerismond, that once was king, and now 
an outlaw in the forest of Arden ? ' 

At this Rosader fetched a deep sigh, and said ; 

* It is she, O gentle swain, it is she ; that saint it is whom 
I serve, that goddess at whose shrine I do bend all my 
devotions ; the most fairest of all fairs, the phoenix of all 
that sex, and the purity of all earthly perfection.' 

*And why, gentle forester, if she be so beautiful, and 
thou so amorous, is there such a disagreement in thy thoughts ? 
Happily she resembleth the rose, that is sweet but full of 
prickles ? or the serpent Regius that hath scales as glorious 
as the sun and a breath as infectious as the Aconitum is 
deadly ? So thy Rosalynde may be most amiable and yet 
unkind ; full of favour and yet froward, coy without wit, 
and disdainful without reason.' 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 69 

*0 Shepherd/ quoth Rosader, *knewest thou her 
personage, graced with the excellence of all perfection, 
being a harbour wherein the graces shroud their virtues, thou 
wouldest not breathe out such blasphemy against the beauteous 
Rosalynde. She is a diamond, bright but not hard, yet of 
most chaste operation ; a pearl so orient, that it can be 
stained with no blemish ; a rose without prickles, and a 
princess absolute as well in beauty as in virtue. But I, 
unhappy I, have let mine eye soar with the eagle against so 
bright a sun that I am quite blind ; I have with Apollo 
enamoured myself of a Daphne, not, as she, disdainful, but 
far more chaste than Daphne : I have with Ixion laid my 
love on Juno, and shall, I fear, embrace nought but a cloud. 
Ah, Shepherd, I have reached at a star : my desires have 
mounted above my degree, and my thoughts above my fortunes. 
I being a peasant, have ventured to gaze on a princess, whose 
honours are too high to vouchsafe such base loves.' 

*Why, forester,' quoth Ganymede, * comfort thyself; be 
blithe and frolic man. Love souseth as low as she soareth 
high : Cupid shoots at a rag as soon as at a robe ; and 
Venus' eye that was so curious, sparkled favour on pole- 
footed Vulcan. Fear not, man, women's looks are not tied 
to dignity's feathers, nor make they curious esteem where 
the stone is found, but what is the virtue. Fear not, 
forester ; faint heart never won fair lady. But where lives 
Rosalynde now ? at the court ? ' 

*Oh no,' quoth Rosader, *she lives I know not where, and 



TO ROSALYNDE, OR 

that is my sorrow ; banished by Torismond, and that is my 
hell : for might I but find her sacred personage, and plead 
before the bar of her pity the plaint of my passions, hope tells 
me she would grace me with some favour, and that would 
suffice as a recompense of all my former miseries.' 

*Much have I heard of thy mistress' excellence, and I know, 
forester, thou canst describe her at the full, as one that hast 
surveyed all her parts with a curious eye ; then do me that 
favour, to tell me what her perfections be.' 

*That I will,' quoth Rosader, *for I glory to make all ears 
wonder at my mistress' excellence.' 

And with that he pulled a paper forth his bosom, wherein 
he read this : 

Rosalynde's Description 

Like to the clear in highest sphere 
Where all imperial glory shines, 
Of selfsame colour is her hair, 
Whether unfolded or in twines : 

Heigh ho, fair Rosalynde. 
Her eyes are sapphires set in snow, 
Refining heaven by every wink : 
The gods do fear whenas they glow, 
And I do tremble when I think : 

Heigh ho, would she were mine. 

Her cheeks are like the blushing cloud 
That beautifies Aurora's face. 
Or like the silver crimson shroud 
That Phoebus' smiling looks doth grace : 
Heigh ho, fair Rosalynde. 



EUPHUES* GOLDEN LEGACY 71 

Her lips are like two budded roses, 
Whom ranks of lilies neighbour nigh, 
Within which bounds she balm encloses, 
Apt to entice a deity : 

Heigh ho, would she were mine. 

Her neck, like to a stately tower 
Where love himself imprisoned lies, 
To watch for glances every hour 
From her divine and sacred eyes : 

Heigh ho, fair Rosalynde. 
Her paps are centres of delight, 
Her paps are orbs of heavenly frame, 
Where nature moulds the dew of light, 
To feed perfection with the same : 

Heigh ho, would she were mine. 

With orient pearl, with ruby red. 
With marble white, with sapphire blue, 
Her body every way is fed, 
Yet soft in touch, and sweet in view : 

Heigh ho, fair Rosalynde. 
Nature herself her shape admires. 
The gods are wounded in her sight. 
And Love forsakes his heavenly fires 
And at her eyes his brand doth light : 

Heigh ho, would she were mine. 

Then muse not, nymphs, though I bemoan 
The absence of fair Rosalynde, 
Since for her fair there is fairer none, 
Nor for her virtues so divine: 

Heigh ho, fair Rosalynde. 
Heigh ho, my heart, would God that she were mine 1 
Periit, quia deperibat. 



72 ROSALYNDE, OR 

* Believe me,' quoth Ganymede, * either the forester is 
an exquisite painter, or Rosalynde far above wonder ; so it 
makes me blush to hear how women should be so excellent, 
and pages so unperfect/ 

Rosader beholding her earnestly, answered thus : 

* Truly, gentle page, thou hast cause to complain thee 
wert thou the substance, but resembling the shadow content 
thyself; for it is excellence enough to be like the excellence 
of nature/ 

* He hath answered you, Ganymede,' quoth Aliena, * it is 
enough for pages to wait on beautiful ladies, and not to be 
beautiful themselves.' 

* O mistress,' quoth Ganymede, * hold you your peace, 
for you are partial. Who knows not, but that all women have 
desire to tie sovereignty to their petticoats, and ascribe beauty 
to themselves, where, if boys might put on their garments, 
perhaps they would prove as comely ; if not as comely, it may 
be more courteous. But tell me, forester,' and with that she 
turned to Rosader, * under whom maintainest thou thy walk ? ' 

* Gentle swain, under the king of outlaws,' said he, 
* the unfortunate Gerismond, who having lost his kingdom, 
crowneth his thoughts with content, accounting it better 
to govern among poor men in peace, than great men in 
danger.' 

* But hast thou not,' said she, * having so melancholy oppor- 
tunities as this forest afFordeth thee, written more sonnets in 
commendations of thy mistress ? ' 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 73 

* I have, gentle swain,' quoth he, * but they be not about 
me. To-morrow by dawn of day, if your flocks feed in these 
pastures, I will bring them you, wherein you shall read my 
passions whilst I feel them, judge my patience when you read 
it : till when I bid farewell.' So giving both Ganymede 
and Aliena a gentle good-night, he resorted to his lodge, 
leaving Aliena and Ganymede to their prittle-prattle. 

* So Ganymede,' said Aliena, the forester being gone, * you 
are mightily beloved ; men make ditties in your praise, spend 
sighs for your sake, make an idol of your beauty. Believe 
me, it grieves me not a little to see the poor man so 
pensive, and you so pitiless.' 

* Ah, Aliena,' quoth she, * be not peremptory in your 
judgments. I hear Rosalynde praised as I am Ganymede, 
but were I Rosalynde, I could answer the forester : if he 
mourn for love, there are medicines for love ; Rosalynde 
cannot be fair and unkind. And so, madam, you see it is 
time to fold our flocks, or else Corydon will frown and say 
you will never prove good housewife.' 

With that they put their sheep into the cotes, and went 
home to her friend Corydon's cottage, Aliena as merry as 
might be that she was thus in the company of her Rosalynde ; 
but she, poor soul, that had love her lodestar, and her 
thoughts set on fire with the flame of fancy, could take no 
rest, but being alone began to consider what passionate 
penance poor Rosader was enjoined to by love and fortune, 
that at last she fell into this humour with herself: 



74 ROSALYNDE, OR 

*Ah, Rosalynde, how the Fates have set down in their 
synod to make thee unhappy : for when Fortune hath done 
„ , , her worst, then Love comes in to begin a new 

Rosalynde ° 

passionate tragedy : she seeks to lodge her son in thine 
alone. ^y^^ and to kindle her fires in thy bosom. 

Beware, fond girl, he is an unruly guest to harbour ; for 
cutting in by entreats, he will not be thrust out by force, 
and her fires are fed with such fuel, as no water is able to 
quench. Seest thou not how Venus seeks to wrap thee in her 
labyrinth, wherein is pleasure at the entrance, but within, 
sorrows, cares, and discontent ? She is a Siren, stop thine 
ears to her melody ; she is a basilisk, shut thy eyes and 
gaze not at her lest thou perish. Thou art now placed 
in the country content, where are heavenly thoughts and 
mean desires : in those lawns where thy flocks feed Diana 
haunts : be as her nymphs chaste, and enemy to love, for 
there is no greater honour to a maid, than to account of fancy 
as a mortal foe to their sex. Daphne, that bonny wench, 
was not turned into a bay tree, as the poets feign : but for 
her chastity her fame was immortal, resembling the laurel 
that is ever green. Follow thou her steps, Rosalynde, and 
the rather, for that thou art an exile, and banished from the 
court ; whose distress, and it is appeased with patience, so it 
would be renewed with amorous passions. Have mind on 
thy forepassed fortunes ; fear the worst, and entangle not 
thyself with present fancies, lest loving in haste, thou repent 
thee at leisure. Ah, but yet, Rosalynde, it is Rosader that 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 



75 



courts thee ; one who as he is beautiful, so he is virtuous, 
and harboureth in his mind as many good qualities as his 
face is shadowed with gracious favours ; and therefore, 
Rosalynde, stoop to love, lest, being either too coy or too 
cruel, Venus wax wroth, and plague thee with the reward 
of disdain/ 

Rosalynde, thus passionate, was wakened from her dumps 
by Aliena, who said it was time to go to bed. Corydon 
swore that was true, for Charles' Wain was risen in the 
north. Whereupon each taking leave of other, went to their 
rest, all but the poor Rosalynde, who was so full of passions, 
that she could not possess any content. Well, leaving her 
to her broken slumbers, expect what was performed by them 
the next morning. 

The sun was no sooner stepped from the bed of Aurora, 
but Aliena was wakened by Ganymede, who, restless all 
night, had tossed in her passions, saying it was then time 
to go to the field to unfold their sheep. Aliena, that spied 
where the hare was by the hounds, and could see day at a 
little hole, thought to be pleasant with her Ganymede, and 
therefore replied thus : 

* What, wanton ! the sun is but new up, and as yet Iris' 
riches lie folded in the bosom of Flora : Phoebus hath not 
dried up the pearled dew, and so long Corydon hath taught 
me, it is not fit to lead the sheep abroad, lest, the dew 
being unwholesome, they get the rot : but now see I the old 
proverb true, he is in haste whom the devil drives, and where 



76 ROSALYNDE, OR 

love pricks forward, there is no worse death than delay. 
Ah, my good page, is there fancy in thine eye, and passions 
in thy heart ? What, hast thou wrapt love in thy looks, and 
set all thy thoughts on fire by affection ? I tell thee, it is a 
flame as hard to be quenched as that of Aetna. But nature 
must have her course : women's eyes have faculty attractive 
like the jet, and retentive like the diamond : they dally in 
the delight of fair objects, till gazing on the panther's beauti- 
ful skin, repenting experience tell them he hath a devouring 
paunch.' 

* Come on,' quoth Ganymede, < this sermon of yours is 
but a subtlety to lie still a-bed, because either you think the 
morning cold, or else I being gone, you would steal a nap : 
this shift carries no palm, and therefore up and away. And 
for Love, let me alone ; I'll whip him away with nettles, and 
set disdain as a charm to withstand his forces : and therefore 
look you to yourself; be not too bold, for Venus can make 
you bend, nor too coy, for Cupid hath a piercing dart, that 
will make you cry Peccavi.* 

*And that is it,' quoth Aliena, *that hath raised you so early 
this morning.' And with that she slipped on her petticoat, 
and start up ; and as soon as she had made her ready, and 
taken her breakfast, away go these two with their bag and 
bottles to the field, in more pleasant content of mind than 
ever they were in the court of Torismond. 

They came no sooner nigh the folds, but they might 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 77 

see where their discontented forester was walking in his 
melancholy. As soon as Aliena saw him, she smiled and 
said to Ganymede : 

* Wipe your eyes, sweeting, for yonder is your sweet- 
heart this morning in deep prayers, no doubt, to Venus, 
that she may make you as pitiful as he is passionate. Come 
on, Ganymede, I pray thee, let's have a little sport with 
him.' 

* Content,' quoth Ganymede, and with that, to waken him 
out of his deep memento^ he began thus : 

* Forester, good fortune to thy thoughts, and ease to thy 
passions. What makes you so early abroad this morn ? in 
contemplation, no doubt, of your Rosalynde. Take heed, 
forester ; step not too far, the ford may be deep, and you slip 
over the shoes. I tell thee, flies have their spleen, the ants 
choler, the least hairs shadows, and the smallest loves great 
desires. 'Tis good, forester, to love, but not to overlove, 
lest in loving her that likes not thee, thou fold thyself in 
an endless labyrinth.' 

Rosader, seeing the fair shepherdess and her pretty swain 
in whose company he felt the greatest ease of his care, he 
returned them a salute on this manner : 

* Gentle shepherds, all hail, and as healthful be your 
flocks as you happy in content. Love is restless, and my 
bed is but the cell of my bane, in that there I find busy 
thoughts and broken slumbers : here, although everywhere 



78 ROSALYNDE, OR 

passionate, yet I brook love with more patience, in that 
every object feeds mine eye with variety of fancies. When 
I look on Flora's beauteous tapestry, checked with the 
pride of all her treasure, I call to mind the fair face of 
Rosalynde, whose heavenly hue exceeds the rose and the 
lily in their highest excellence : the brightness of Phoebus' 
shine puts me in mind to think of the sparkling flames that 
flew from her eyes, and set my heart first on fire : the sweet 
harmony of the birds, puts me in remembrance of the rare 
melody of her voice, which like the Siren enchanteth the 
ears of the hearer. Thus in contemplation I salve my 
sorrows, with applying the perfection of every object to 
the excellence of her qualities.' 

* She is much beholding unto you,' quoth Aliena, * and so 
much, that I have oft wished with myself, that if I should 
ever prove as amorous as Oenone, I might find as faithful a 
Paris as yourself.' 

* How say you by this item, forester ? ' quoth Ganymede, 
*the fair shepherdess favours you, who is mistress of so 
many flocks. Leave oflT, man, the supposition of Rosalynde's 
love, whenas watching at her you rove beyond the moon, 
and cast your looks upon my mistress, who no doubt is as 
fair though not so royal ; one bird in the hand is worth two 
in the wood : better possess the love of Aliena than catch 
furiously at the shadow of Rosalynde.' 

< I'll tell thee boy,' quoth Rosader, * so is my fancy fixed 
on my Rosalynde, that were thy mistress as fair as Leda or 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 79 

Danae, whom Jove courted in transformed shapes, mine eyes 
would not vouch to entertain their beauties ; and so hath 
love locked me in her perfections, that I had rather only con- 
template in her beauties, than absolutely possess the excellence 
of any other.' 

* Venus is to blame, forester, if having so true a servant of 
you, she reward you not with Rosalynde, if Rosalynde were 
more fairer than herself. But leaving this prattle, now I'll 
put you in mind of your promise about those sonnets, which 
you said were at home in your lodge.' 

* I have them about me,' quoth Rosader, * let us sit down, 
and then you shall hear what a poetical fury love will infuse 
into a man.' With that they sate down upon a green bank, 
shadowed with fig trees, and Rosader, fetching a deep sigh, 
read them this sonnet : 

Rosader's Sonnet 

In sorrow's cell I laid me down to sleep, 

But waking woes were jealous of mine eyes, 
They made them watch, and bend themselves to weep, 
But weeping tears their want could not suffice : 
Yet since for her they wept who guides my heart. 
They weeping smile, and triumph in their smart. 

Of these my tears a fountain fiercely springs. 

Where Venus bains herself incensed with love, 
Where Cupid bowseth his fair feathered wings ; 
But I behold what pains I must approve. 

Care drinks it dry ; but when on her I think, 
Love makes me weep it full unto the brink. 



8o ROSALYNDE, OR 

Meanwhile my sighs yield truce unto my tears, 

By them the winds increased and fiercely blow : 
Yet when I sigh the flame more plain appears, 

And by their force with greater power doth glow : 
Amid these pains, all phoenix-like I thrive 
Since love, that yields me death, may life revive. 
\y Rosader en esperance. 

* Now, surely, forester,' quoth Aliena, * when thou madest 
this sonnet, thou wert in some amorous quandary, neither 
too fearful as despairing of thy mistress' favours, nor too 
gleesome as hoping in thy fortunes.' 

* I can smile,' quoth Ganymede, * at the sonettos, canzones, 
madrigals, rounds and roundelays, that these pensive patients 
pour out when their eyes are more full of wantonness, than 
their hearts of passions. Then, as the fishers put the sweetest 
bait to the fairest fish, so these Ovidians, holding amo in 
their tongues, when their thoughts come at haphazard, write 
that they be rapt in an endless labyrinth of sorrow, when 
walking in the large lease of liberty, they only have their 
humours in their inkpot. If they find women so fond, that 
they will with such painted lures come to their lust, then they 
triumph till they be full-gorged with pleasures ; and then fly 
they away, like ramage kites, to their own content, leaving 
the tame fool, their mistress, full of fancy, yet without 
even a feather. If they miss, as dealing with some wary 
wanton, that wants not such a one as themselves, but spies 
their subtlety, they end their amours with a few feigned sighs ; 
and so their excuse is, their mistress is cruel, and they 



EUPHUES^ GOLDEN LEGACY 8i 

smother passions with patience. Such, gentle forester, we 
may deem you to be, that rather pass away the time here 
in these woods with writing amorets, than to be deeply 
enamoured, as you say, of your Rosalynde. If you be such 
a one, then I pray God, when you think your fortunes at 
the highest, and your desires to be most excellent, then that 
you may with Ixion embrace Juno in a cloud, and have 
nothing but a marble mistress to release your martyrdom ; 
but if you be true and trusty, eye-pained and heart-sick, then 
accursed be Rosalynde if she prove cruel : for, forester, I 
flatter not, thou art worthy of as fair as she.' Aliena, 
spying the storm by the wind, smiled to see how Gany- 
mede flew to the fist without any call ; but Rosader, 
who took him flat for a shepherd's swain, made him this 
answer : 

* Trust me, swain,' quoth Rosader, * but my canzon was 
written in no such humour ; for mine eye and my heart are 
relatives, the one drawing fancy by sight, the other entertain- 
ing her by sorrow. If thou sawest my Rosaylnde, with what 
beauties nature hath favoured her, with what perfection the 
heavens hath graced her, with what qualities the gods have 
endued her, then wouldst thou say, there is none so fickle that 
could be fleeting unto her. If she had been Aeneas' Dido, 
had Venus and Juno both scolded him from Carthage, yet 
her excellence, despite of them, would have detained him 
at Tyre. If Phyllis had been as beauteous, or Ariadne as 
virtuous, or both as honourable and excellent as she, neither 

G 



82 ROSALYNDE, OR 

had the filbert tree sorrowed in the death of despairing 
Phyllis, nor the stars been graced with Ariadne, but 
Demophoon and Theseus had been trusty to their paragons. 
I will tell thee, swain, if with a deep insight thou couldst 
pierce into the secret of my loves, and see what deep im- 
pressions of her idea affection hath made in my heart, then 
wouldst thou confess I were passing passionate, and no less 
endued with admirable patience.* 

*Why,' quoth Aliena, * needs there patience in 
love ? ' 

* Or else in nothing,' quoth Rosader ; * for it is a restless 
sore that hath no ease, a canker that still frets, a disease 
that taketh away all hope of sleep. If then so many 
sorrows, sudden joys, momentary pleasures, continual fears, 
daily griefs, and nightly woes be found in love, then is 
not he to be accounted patient that smothers all these 
passions with silence ? ' 

*Thou speakest by experience,' quoth Ganymede, *and 
therefore we hold all thy words for axioms. But is love 
such a lingering malady ? ' 

* It is,' quoth he, * either extreme or mean, according to 
the mind of the party that entertains it ; for, as the weeds 
grow longer untouched than the pretty flowers, and the flint 
lies safe in the quarry when the emerald is suffering the 
lapidary's tool, so mean men are freed from Venus' injuries, 
when kings are environed with a labyrinth of her cares. 
The whiter the lawn is, the deeper is the mole ; the more 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 83 

purer the chrysolite, the sooner stained ; and such as have 
their hearts full of honour, have their loves full of the greatest 
sorrows. But in whomsoever,' quoth Rosader, * he lixeth his 
dart, he never leaveth to assault him, till either he hath won 
him to folly or fancy ; for as the moon never goes without 
the star Lunisequa, so a lover never goeth without the unrest 
of his thoughts. For proof you shall hear another fancy 
of my making.' 

* Now do, gentle forester,' quoth Ganymede ; and with 
that he read over this sonetto : 

Rosader's second 80NETTO 

Turn I my looks unto the skies, 

Love with his arrows wounds mine eyes; 

If so I gaze upon the ground, 

Love then in every flower is found. 

Search I the shade to fly my pain, 

He meets me in the shade again ; 

Wend I to walk in secret grove, 

Even there I meet with sacred Love. 

If so I bain me in the spring, 

Even on the brink I hear him sing: 

If so I meditate alone, 

He will be partner of my moan. 

If so I mourn he weeps with me, 

And where I am there will he be. 

Whenas I talk of Rosalynde 

The god from coyness waxeth kind, 

And seems in selfsame flames to fry 

Because he loves as well as I. 



84 ROSALYNDE, OR 

Sweet Rosalynde, for pity rue ; 
For why, than Love I am more true : 
He, if he speed, will quickly fly, 
But in thy love I live and die. 

* How like you this sonnet ? ' quoth Rosader. 

< Marry,' quoth Ganymede, <for the pen well, for the 
passion ill ; for as I praise the one, I pity the other, in that 
thou shouldst hunt after a cloud, and love either without 
reward or regard.* 

* 'Tis not her frowardness,' quoth Rosader, ' but my hard 
fortunes, whose destinies have crossed me with her absence ; 
for did she feel my loves, she would not let me linger in these 
sorrows. Women, as they are fair, so they respect faith, 
and estimate more, if they be honourable, the will than the 
wealth, having loyalty the object whereat they aim their 
fancies. But leaving off these interparleys, you shall hear 
my last sonetto, and then you have heard all my poetry.' 
And with that he sighed out this : 

Rosader's third Sonnet 
Of virtuous love myself may boast alone. 

Since no suspect my service may attaint : 
For perfect fair she is the only one. 
Whom I esteem for my beloved saint. 

Thus, for my faith I only bear the bell, 
And for her fair she only doth excel. 

Then let fond Petrarch shroud his Laura's praise. 
And Tasso cease to publish his affect. 

Since mine the faith confirmed at all assays. 
And hers the fair, which all men do respect. 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 85 

My lines her fair, her fair my faith assures ; 
Thus I by love, and love by me endures. 

* Thus/ quoth Rosader, * here is an end of my poems, but 
for all this no release of my passions ; so that I resemble him 
that in the depth of his distress hath none but the echo 
to answer him.' 

Ganymede, pitying her Rosader, thinking to drive him 
out of this amorous melancholy, said that now the sun was 
in his meridional heat and that it was high noon, * therefore 
we shepherds say, 'tis time to go to dinner ; for the sun 
and our stomachs are shepherds' dials. Therefore, forester, 
if thou wilt take such fare as comes out of our homely scrips, 
welcome shall answer whatsoever thou wantest in delicates.' 

Aliena took the entertainment by the end, and told Rosader 
he should be her guest. He thanked them heartily, and sate 
with them down to dinner, where they had such cates as 
country state did allow them, sauced with such content, and 
such sweet prattle, as it seemed far more sweet than all their 
courtly junkets. 

As soon as they had taken their repast, Rosader, giving 
them thanks for his good cheer, would have been gone ; but 
Ganymede, that was loath to let him pass out of her 
presence, began thus : 

* Nay, forester,' quoth he,* if thy business be not the greater, 
seeing thou sayest thou art so deeply in love, let me see how 
thou canst woo : I will represent Rosalynde, and thou shalt 
be as thou art, Rosader. See in some amorous eclogue. 



86 ROSALYNDE, OR 

how if Rosalynde were present, how thou couldst court her ; 
and while we sing of love, Aliena shall tune her pipe and 
play us melody.* 

* Content,' quoth Rosader, and Aliena, she, to show her 
willingness, drew forth a recorder, and began to wind it. 
Then the loving forester began thus : 

The wooing Eclogue betwixt Rosalynde and Rosader 

Rosader 

I pray thee, nymph, by all the working words, 

By all the tears and sighs that lovers know, 

Or what or thoughts or faltering tongue affords, 

I crave for mine in ripping up my woe. 

Sweet Rosalynde, my love — would God, my love — 

My life — would God, my life — aye, pity me 1 

Thy lips are kind, and humble like the dove, 

And but with beauty pity will not be. 

Look on mine eyes, made red with rueful tears. 

From whence the rain of true remorse descendeth. 

All pale in looks am I though young in years. 

And nought but love or death my days befriendeth. 

Oh let no stormy rigour knit thy brows. 

Which love appointed for his mercy seat : 

The tallest tree by Boreas' breath it bows ; 

The iron yields with hammer, and to heat. 

O Rosalynde, then be thou pitiful. 

For Rosalynde is only beautiful. 

Rosalynde 
Love's wantons arm their trait'rous suits with tears, 
With vows, with oaths, with looks, with showers of gold ; 
But when the fruit of their affects appears. 
The simple heart by subtle sleights is sold. 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 87 

Thus sucks the yielding ear the poisoned bait, 
Thus feeds the heart upon his endless harms, 
Thus glut the thoughts themselves on self-deceit, 
Thus blind the eyes their sight by subtle charms. 
The lovely looks, the sighs that storm so sore, 
The dew of deep-dissembled doubleness. 
These may attempt, but are of power no more 
Where beauty leans to wit and soothfastness. 

O Rosader, then be thou wittiful, 

For Rosalynde scorns foolish pitiful. 

Rosader 

I pray thee, Rosalynde, by those sweet eyes 
That stain the sun in shine, the morn in clear, 
By those sweet cheeks where Love encamped lies 
To kiss the roses of the springing year. 
I tempt thee, Rosalynde, by ruthful plaints. 
Not seasoned with deceit or fraudful guile. 
But firm in pain, far more than tongue depaints, 
Sweet nymph, be kind, and grace me with a smile. 
So may the heavens preserve from hurtful food 
Thy harmless flocks ; so may the summer yield 
The pride of all her riches and her good, 
To fat thy sheep, the citizens of field. 
Oh, leave to arm thy lovely brows with scorn : 
The birds their beak, the lion hath his tail. 
And lovers nought but sighs and bitter mourn, 
The spotless fort of fancy to assail. 

O Rosalynde, then be thou pitiful. 

For Rosalynde is only beautiful. 

Rosalynde 
The hardened steel by fire is brought in frame. 



88 ROSALYNDE, OR 

Rosader 

And Rosalynde, my love, than any wool more softer ; 
And shall not sighs her tender heart inflame ? 

Rosalynde 
Were lovers true, maids would believe them ofter. 

Rosader 
Truth, and regard, and honour, guide my love. 

Rosalynde 
Fain would I trust, but yet I dare not try. 

Rosader 
Oh pity me, sweet nymph, and do but prove. 

Rosalynde 
I would resist, but yet I know not why. 

Rosader 

O Rosalynde, be kind, for times will change, 
Thy looks ay nill be fair as now they be ; 
Thine age from beauty may thy looks estrange : 
Ah, yield in time, sweet nymph, and pity me. 

Rosalynde 

O Rosalynde, thou must be pitiful, 
For Rosader is young and beautiful. 

Rosader 
Oh, gain more great than kingdoms or a crown I 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 89 

Rosalynde 
Oh, trust betrayed if Rosader abuse me. 

Rosader 

First let the heavens conspire to pull me down 
And heaven and earth as abject quite refuse me. 
Let sorrows stream about my hateful bower, 
And restless horror hatch within my breast : 
Let beauty's eye afflict me with a lour. 
Let deep despair pursue me without rest, 
Ere Rosalynde my loyalty disprove, 
Ere Rosalynde accuse me for unkind. 

Rosalynde 

Then Rosalynde will grace thee with her love, 
Then Rosalynde will have thee still in mind. 

Rosader 

Then let me triumph more than Tithon's dear. 
Since Rosalynde will Rosader respect: 
Then let my face exile his sorry cheer. 
And frolic in the comfort of affect ; 

And say that Rosalynde is only pitiful. 

Since Rosalynde is only beautiful. 

When thus they had finished their courting eclogue in 
such a familiar clause, Ganymede, as augur of some good 
fortunes to light upon their affections, began to be thus 
pleasant : 

* How now, forester, have I not fitted your turn ? have I 
not played the woman handsomely, and showed myself as 



90 ROSALYNDE, OR 

coy in grants as courteous in desires, and been as full of 
suspicion as men of flattery ? and yet to salve all, jumped I 
not all up with the sweet union of love ? Did not Rosalynde 
content her Rosader ? * 

The forester at this smiling, shook his head, and folding 
his arms made this merry reply : 

* Truth, gentle swain, Rosader hath his Rosalynde ; but 
as Ixion had Juno, who, thinking to possess a goddess, 
only embraced a cloud : in these imaginary fruitions of 
fancy I resemble the birds that fed themselves with Zeuxis' 
painted grapes ; but they grew so lean with pecking at 
shadows, that they were glad, with Aesop's cock, to scrape 
for a barley cornel. So fareth it with me, who to feed 
myself with the hope of my mistress's favours, sooth myself 
in thy suits, and only in conceit reap a wished-for 
content ; but if my food be no better than such amorous 
dreams, Venus at the year's end shall find me but a lean 
lover. Yet do I take these follies for high fortunes, and 
hope these feigned affections do divine some unfeigned end 
of ensuing fancies.' 

* And thereupon,' quoth Aliena, * I'll play the priest : from 
this day forth Ganymede shall call thee husband, and thou 
shall call Ganymede wife, and so we'll have a marriage.' 

* Content,' quoth Rosader, and laughed. 

* Content,' quoth Ganymede, and changed as red as a 
rose : and so with a smile and a blush, they made up this 
jesting match, that after proved to a marriage in earnest, 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 91 

Rosader full little thinking he had wooed and won his 
Rosalynde. 

But all was well ; hope is a sweet string to harp on, and 
therefore let the forester awhile shape himself to his shadow, 
and tarry fortune's leisure, till she may make a metamor- 
phosis fit for his purpose. I digress ; and therefore to 
Aliena, who said, the wedding was not worth a pin, 
unless there were some cheer, nor that bargain well made 
that was not stricken up with a cup of wine : and therefore 
she willed Ganymede to set out such cates as they had, and 
to draw out her bottle, charging the forester, as he had 
imagined his loves, so to conceit these cates to be a most 
sumptuous banquet, and to take a mazer of wine and to drink 
to his Rosalynde ; which Rosader did, and so they passed 
away the day in many pleasant devices. Till at last Aliena 
perceived time would tarry no man, and that the sun waxed 
very low, ready to set, which made her shorten their amorous 
prattle, and end the banquet with a fresh carouse : which done, 
they all three arose, and Aliena broke off thus ; 

* Now, forester, Phoebus that all this while hath been par- 
taker of our sports, seeing every woodman more fortunate in 
his loves than he in his fancies, seeing thou hast won Rosa- 
lynde when he could not woo Daphne, hides his head for 
shame and bids us adieu in a cloud. Our sheep, they poor 
wantons, wander towards their folds, as taught by nature 
their due times of rest, which tells us, forester, we must 
depart. Marry, though there were a marriage, yet I must 



92 ROSALYNDE, OR 

carry this night the bride with me, and to-morrow morning 
if you meet us here, I'll promise to deliver you her as good 
a maid as I find her.* 

* Content,' quoth Rosader, * 'tis enough for me in the night 
to dream on love, that in the day am so fond to doat on love : 
and so till to-morrow you to your folds, and I will to my 
lodge.' And thus the forester and they parted. 

He was no sooner gone, but Aliena and Ganymede went 
and folded their flocks, and taking up their hooks, their bags, 
and their bottles, hied homeward. By the way Aliena, to 
make the time seem short, began to prattle with Ganymede 
thus : 

* I have heard them say, that what the fates forepoint, that 
fortune pricketh down with a period ; that the stars are 
sticklers in Venus' court, and desire hangs at the heel of 
destiny : if it be so, then by all probable conjectures, this 
match will be a marriage : for if augurism be authentical, 
or the divines' dooms principles, it cannot be but such a 
shadow portends the issue of a substance, for to that end did 
the gods force the conceit of this eclogue, that they might 
discover the ensuing consent of your affections : so that ere 
it be long, I hope, in earnest, to dance at your wedding.' 

* Tush,' quoth Ganymede, * all is not malt that is cast on the 
kiln : there goes more words to a bargain than one : Love 
feels no footing in the air, and fancy holds it slippery 
harbour to nestle in the tongue : the match is not yet so 
surely made, but he may miss of his market ; but if fortune 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 93 

be his friend, I will not be his foe : and so I pray you, gentle 
mistress Aliena, take it/ 

* I take all things well,' quoth she, * that is your content, and 
am glad Rosader is yours ; for now I hope your thoughts 
will be at quiet ; your eye that ever looked at love, will now 
lend a glance on your lambs, and then they will prove more 
buxom and you more blithe, for the eyes of the master 
feeds the cattle,' 

As thus they were in chat, they spied old Corydon where 
he came plodding to meet them, who told them supper was 
ready, which news made them speed them home. Where 
we will leave them to the next morrow, and return to 
Saladyne. 

All this while did poor Saladyne, banished from Bordeaux 
and the court of France by Torismond, wander up and 
down in the forest of Arden, thinking to get to Lyons, and 
so travel through Germany into Italy : but the forest 
being full of by-paths, and he unskilful of the country 
coast, slipped out of the way, and chanced up into the desert, 
not far from the place where Gerismond was, and his 
brother Rosader. Saladyne, weary with wandering up and 
down and hungry with long fasting, finding a little cave 
by the side of a thicket, eating such fruit as the forest did 
afford and contenting himself with such drink as nature 
had provided and thirst made delicate, after his repast he 
fell in a dead sleep. As thus he lay, a hungry lion came 
hunting down the edge of the grove for prey, and espying 



94 ROSALYNDE, OR 

Saladyne began to seize upon him : but seeing he lay still 
without any motion, he left to touch him, for that lions hate 
to prey on dead carcases ; and yet desirous to have some 
food, the lion lay down and watched to see if he would 
stir. While thus Saladyne slept secure, fortune that was 
careful of her champion began to smile, and brought it so to 
pass, that Rosader, having stricken a deer that but lightly 
hurt fled through the thicket, came pacing down by the 
grove with a boar-spear in his hand in great haste. He 
spied where a man lay asleep, and a lion fast by him : 
amazed at this sight, as he stood gazing, his nose on the 
sudden bled, which made him conjecture it was some 
friend of his. Whereupon drawing more nigh, he might 
easily discern his visage, perceived by his physnomy that it 
was his brother Saladyne, which drave Rosader into a deep 
passion, as a man perplexed at the sight of so unexpected a 
chance, marvelling what should drive his brother to traverse 
those secret deserts, without any company, in such distress 
and forlorn sort. But the present time craved no such 
doubting ambages, for either he must resolve to hazard his 
life for his relief, or else steal away, and leave him to the 
cruelty of the lion. In which doubt he thus briefly debated 
with himself : 

* Now, Rosader, fortune that long hath whipped thee with 
Rosader's nettles, means to salve thee with roses, and 

meditation. having crossed thee with many frowns, now she 
presents thee with the brightness of her favours. Thou that didst 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 95 

count thyself the most distressed of all men, mayest account 
thyself the most fortunate amongst men, if Fortune can make 
men happy, or sweet revenge be wrapped in a pleasing con- 
tent. Thou seest Saladyne thine enemy, the worker of thy 
misfortunes, and the efficient cause of thine exile, subject 
to the cruelty of a merciless lion, brought into this misery 
by the gods, that they might seem just in revenging his 
rigour, and thy injuries. Seest thou not how the stars are 
in a favourable aspect, the planets in some pleasing conjunction, 
the fates agreeable to thy thoughts, and the destinies per- 
formers of thy desires, in that Saladyne shall die, and thou 
be free of his blood: he receive meed for his amiss, and 
thou erect his tomb with innocent hands. Now, Rosader, 
shalt thou return unto Bordeaux and enjoy thy possessions 
by birth, and his revenues by inheritance : now mayest thou 
triumph in love, and hang fortune's altars with garlands. For 
when Rosalynde hears of thy wealth, it will make her love 
thee the more willingly : for women's eyes are made of 
ChrysocoU, that is ever unperfect unless tempered with gold, 
and Jupiter soonest enjoyed Danae, because he came to her 
in so rich a shower. Thus shall this lion, Rosader, end the 
life of a miserable man, and from distress raise thee to be 
most fortunate.' And with that, casting his boar-spear on 
his neck, away he began to trudge. 

But he had not stepped back two or three paces, but a new 
motion stroke him to the very heart, that resting his boar- 
spear against his breast, he fell into this passionate humour : 



96 ROSALYNDE, OR 

* Ah, Rosader, wert thou the son of Sir John of Bordeaux, 
whose virtues exceeded his valour, and yet the most hardiest 
knight in all Europe ? Should the honour of the father shine 
in the actions of the son, and wilt thou dishonour thy 
parentage, in forgetting the nature of a gentleman ? Did not 
thy father at his last gasp breathe out this golden principle : 
Brothers' amity is like the drops of balsamum, that salveth 
the most dangerous sores ? Did he make a large exhort 
unto concord, and wilt thou show thyself careless ? O 
Rosader, what though Saladyne hath wronged thee, and 
made thee live an exile in the forest, shall thy nature be so 
cruel, or thy nurture so crooked, or thy thoughts so savage, 
as to suffer so dismal a revenge ? What, to let him be 
devoured by wild beasts ! Non sap'tt qui non siU sap'it is 
fondly spoken in such bitter extremes. Lose not his life, 
Rosader, to win a world of treasure ; for in having him thou 
hast a brother, and by hazarding for his life, thou gettest 
a friend, and reconcilest an enemy : and more honour shalt 
thou purchase by pleasuring a foe, than revenging a thousand 
injuries.' 

With that his brother began to stir, and the lion to 
rouse himself, whereupon Rosader suddenly charged him 
with the boar-spear, and wounded the lion very sore at the 
first stroke. The beast feeling himself to have a mortal 
hurt, leapt at Rosader, and with his paws gave him a sore 
pinch on the breast, that he had almost fallen ; yet as a man 
most valiant, in whom the sparks of Sir John of Bordeaux 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 97 

remained, he recovered himself, and in short combat slew 
the lion, who at his death roared so loud that Saladyne 
awaked, and starting up, was amazed at the sudden sight of 
so monstrous a beast lying slain by him, and so sweet a 
gentleman wounded. He presently, as he was of a ripe 
conceit, began to conjecture that the gentleman had slain 
him in his defence. Whereupon, as a man in a trance, he 
stood staring on them both a good while, not knowing his 
brother, being in that disguise. At last he burst into these 
terms : 

* Sir, whatsoever thou be, as full of honour thou must needs 
be by the view of thy present valour, I perceive thou hast 
redressed my fortunes by thy courage, and saved my life with 
thine own loss, which ties me to be thine in all humble 
service. Thanks thou shalt have as thy due, and more 
thou canst not have, for my ability denies me to perform a 
deeper debt. But if anyways it please thee to command 
me, use me as far as the power of a poor gentleman may 
stretch.' 

Rosader, seeing he was unknown to his brother, wondered 
to hear such courteous words come from his crabbed nature ; 
but glad of such reformed nurture, he made this answer : 

* I am, sir, whatsoever thou art, a forester and ranger of 
these walks, who, following my deer to the fall, was con- 
ducted hither by some assenting fate, that I might save thee, 
and disparage myself. For coming into this place, I saw 
thee asleep, and the lion watching thy awake, that at thy 



98 ROSALYNDE, OR 

rising he might prey upon thy carcase. At the first sight 
I conjectured thee a gentleman, for all men's thoughts ought 
to be favourable in imagination, and I counted it the part of a 
resolute man to purchase a stranger's relief, though with the 
loss of his own blood ; which I have performed, thou seest, 
to mine own prejudice. If, therefore, thou be a man of such 
worth as I value thee by thy exterior lineaments, make dis- 
course unto me what is the cause of thy present fortunes. 
For by the furrows in thy face thou seemest to be crossed 
with her frowns : but whatsoever, or howsoever, let me crave 
that favour, to hear the tragic cause of thy estate.' 

Saladyne sitting down, and fetching a deep sigh, began 
thus : 

< Although the discourse of my fortunes be the renewing of 

my sorrows, and the rubbing of the scar will open a fresh 

wound, yet that I may not prove ingrateful to 

Saladyne' s . x -n i 

discourse to SO courteous a gentleman, 1 will rather sit 
Rosader down and sigh out my estate, than give any 

offence by smothering my grief with silence. 
Know therefore, sir, that I am of Bordeaux, and the son 
and heir of Sir John of Bordeaux, a man for his virtues 
and valour so famous, that I cannot think but the fame of 
his honours hath reached farther than the knowledge of his 
personage. The infortunate son of so fortunate a knight 
am I ; my name, Saladyne ; who succeeding my father in 
possessions, but not in qualities, having two brethren com- 
mitted by my father at his death to my charge, with such 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 



99 



golden principles of brotherly concord, as might have pierced 
like the Sirens* melody into any human ear. But I, with 
Ulysses, became deaf against his philosophical harmony, and 
made more value of profit than of virtue, esteeming gold 
sufficient honour, and wealth the fittest title for a gentleman's 
dignity. I set my middle brother to the university to be 
a scholar, counting it enough if he might pore on a book 
while I. fed upon his revenues; and for the youngest, which 
was my father's joy, young Rosader ' — And with that, naming 
of Rosader, Saladyne sate him down and wept. 

* Nay, forward man,' quoth the forester, * tears are the 
unfittest salve that any man can apply for to cure sorrows, and 
therefore cease from such feminine follies, as should drop out 
of a woman's eye to deceive, not out of a gentleman's look to 
discover his thoughts, and forward with thy discourse.' 

* O sir,' quoth Saladyne, * this Rosader that wrings tears 
from mine eyes, and blood from my heart, was like my father 
in exterior personage and in inward qualities ; for in the 
prime of his years he aimed all his acts at honour, and coveted 
rather to die than to brook any injury unworthy a gentleman's 
credit. I, whom envy had made blind, and covetousness 
masked with the veil of self-love, seeing the palm tree grow 
straight, thought to suppress it being a twig ; but nature will 
have her course, the cedar will be tall, the diamond bright, 
the carbuncle glistering, and virtue will shine though it be 
never so much obscured. For I kept Rosader as a slave, and 
used him as one of my servile hinds, until age grew on, and 



lOO ROSALYNDE, OR 

a secret insight of my abuse entered into his mind ; insomuch, 
that he could not brook it, but coveted to have what his 
father left him, and to live of himself. To be short, sir, I 
repined at his fortunes, and he counter checked me, not with 
ability but valour, until at last, by my friends and aid of 
such as followed gold more than right or virtue, I banished 
him from Bordeaux, and he, poor gentleman, lives no 
man knows where, in some distressed discontent. The gods, 
not able to suffer such impiety unrevenged, so wrought, that 
the king picked a causeless quarrel against me in hope to 
have my lands, and so hath exiled me out of France for ever. 
Thus, thus, sir, am I the most miserable of all men, as having 
a blemish in my thoughts for the wrongs I proffered Rosader, 
and a touch in my state to be thrown from my proper 
possessions by injustice. Passionate thus with many griefs, 
in penance of my former follies I go thus pilgrim-like to 
seek out my brother, that I may reconcile myself to him in 
all submission, and afterward wend to the Holy Land, to 
end my years in as many virtues as 1 have spent my youth 
in wicked vanities.' 

Rosader, hearing the resolution of his brother Saladyne, 
began to compassionate his sorrows, and not able to smother 
the sparks of nature with feigned secrecy, he burst into these 
loving speeches : 

* Then know, Saladyne,* quoth he, * that thou hast met 
with Rosader, who grieves as much to see thy distress, as 
thyself to feel the burden of thy misery.* Saladyne, casting 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY loi 

up his eye and noting well the physnomy of the forester, knew, 
that it was his brother Rosader, which made him so bash and 
blush at the first meeting, that Rosader was fain to recomfort 
him, which he did in such sort, that he showed how highly 
he held revenge in scorn. Much ado there was between 
these two brethren, Saladyne in craving pardon, and Rosader 
in forgiving and forgetting all former injuries ; the one sub- 
miss, the other courteous ; Saladyne penitent and passionate, 
Rosader kind and loving, that at length nature working an 
union of their thoughts, they earnestly embraced, and fell 
from matters of unkindness, to talk of the country life, 
which Rosader so highly commended, that his brother began 
to have a desire to taste of that homely content. In this 
humour Rosader conducted him to Gerismond's lodge, and 
presented his brother to the king, discoursing the whole 
matter how all had happened betwixt them. The king look- 
ing upon Saladyne, found him a man of a most beautiful 
personage, and saw in his face sufficient sparks of ensuing 
honours, gave him great entertainment, and glad of their 
friendly reconcilement, promised such favour as the poverty of 
his estate might afford, which Saladyne gratefully accepted. 
And so Gerismond fell to question of Torismond's life. Sala- 
dyne briefly discoursed unto him his injustice and tyrannies, 
with such modesty, although he had wronged him, that 
Gerismond greatly praised the sparing speech of the young 
gentleman. 

Many questions passed, but at last Gerismond began with 



I02 ROSALYNDE, OR 

a deep sigh to inquire if there were any news of the welfare 
of Alinda, or his daughter Rosalynde ? 

* None, sir,' quoth Saladyne, * for since their departure they 
were never heard of.' 

* Injurious fortune,' quoth the king, *that to double the 
father's misery, wrongest the daughter with misfortunes ! ' 

And with that, surcharged with sorrows, he went into his 
ceil, and left Saladyne and Rosader, whom Rosader straight 
conducted to the sight of Adam Spencer. Who, seeing 
Saladyne in that estate, was in a brown study ; but when he 
heard the whole matter, although he grieved for the exile of 
his master, yet he joyed that banishment had so reformed him, 
that from a lascivious youth he was proved a virtuous gentleman. 
Looking a longer while, and seeing what familiarity passed 
between them, and what favours were interchanged with 
brotherly affection, he said thus : 

* Aye, marry, thus should it be ; this was the concord that 
old Sir John of Bordeaux wished betwixt you. Now fulfil 
you those precepts he breathed out at his death, and in 
observing them, look to live fortunate and die honourable.' 

* Well said, Adam Spencer,' quoth Rosader, * but hast any 
victuals in store for us ? ' 

* A piece of a red deer,' quoth he, * and a bottle of wine.' 

* 'Tis foresters' fare, brother,' quoth Rosader ; and so they 
sate down and fell to their cates. 

As soon as they had taken their repast, and had well dined, 
Rosader took his brother Saladyne by the hand, and showed 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 103 

him the pleasures of the forest, and what content they 
enjoyed in that mean estate. Thus for two or three days he 
walked up and down with his brother to show him all the 
commodities that belonged to his walk. 

In which time he was missed of his Ganymede, who mused 
greatly, with Aliena, what should become of their forester. 
Somewhile they thought he had taken some word unkindly, 
and had taken the pet ; then they imagined some new love 
had withdrawn his fancy, or happily that he was sick, or 
detained by some great business of Gerismond's, or that 
he had made a reconcilement with his brother, and so 
returned to Bordeaux. 

These conjectures did they cast in their heads, but 
specially Ganymede, who, having love in her heart, proved 
restless, and half without patience, that Rosader wronged 
her with so long absence ; for Love measures every minute, 
and thinks hours to be days, and days to be months, till 
they feed their eyes with the sight of their desired object. 
Thus perplexed lived poor Ganymede, while on a day, 
sitting with Aliena in a great dump, she cast up her eye, 
and saw where Rosader came pacing towards them with his 
forest bill on his neck. At that sight her colour changed, 
and she said to Aliena : 

* See, mistress, where our jolly forester comes.' 

* And you are not a little glad thereof,' quoth Aliena, * your 
nose bewrays what porridge you love : the wind cannot be 
tied within his quarter, the sun shadowed with a veil, oil 



I04 ROSALYNDE, OR 

hidden in water, nor love kept out of a woman's looks : but 
no more of that, Lupus est in fabula.^ 

As soon as Rosader was come within the reach of her 
tongue's end, Aliena began thus : 

*Why, how now, gentle forester, what wind hath kept 
you from hence ? that being so newly married, you have no 
more care of your Rosalynde, but to absent yourself so many 
days ? Are these the passions you painted out so in your 
sonnets and roundelays ? I see well hot love is soon cold, 
and that the fancy of men is like to a loose feather that 
wandereth in the air with the blast of every wind.' 

* You are deceived, mistress,' quoth Rosader ; * 'twas a copy 
of unkindness that kept me hence, in that, I being married, 
you carried away the bride ; but if I have given any occasion 
of offence by absenting myself these three days, I humbly 
sue for pardon, which you must grant of course, in that the 
fault is so friendly confessed with penance. But to tell you 
the truth, fair mistress and my good Rosalynde, my eldest 
brother by the injury of Torismond is banished from 
Bordeaux, and by chance he and I met in the forest.' 

And here Rosader discoursed unto them what had 
happened betwixt them, which reconcilement made them 
glad, especially Ganymede. But Aliena, hearing of the 
tyranny of her father, grieved inwardly, and yet smothered 
all things with such secrecy, that the concealing was more 
sorrow than the conceit; yet that her estate might be 
hid still, she made fair weather of it, and so let all pass. 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 105 

^ Fortune, that saw how these parties valued not her deity, 
but held her power in scorn, thought to have a bout with 
them, and brought the matter to pass thus. Certain 
rascals that lived by prowling in the forest, who for fear of 
the provost marshal had caves in the groves and thickets to 
shroud themselves from his trains, hearing of the beauty of 
this fair shepherdess, Aliena, thought to steal her away, 
and to give her to the king for a present ; hoping, because 
the king was a great lecher, by such a gift to purchase all 
their pardons, and therefore came to take her and her page 
away. Thus resolved, while Aliena and Ganymede were in 
this sad talk, they came rushing in, and laid violent hands upon 
Aliena and her page, which made them cry out to Rosader ; 
who having the valour of his father stamped in his heart, 
thought rather to die in defence of his friends, than any way 
be touched with the least blemish of dishonour, and therefore 
dealt such blows amongst them with his weapon, as he did 
witness well upon their carcases that he was no coward. 
But as Ne Hercules quiclem contra duos^ so Rosader could not 
resist a multitude, having none to back him ; so that he 
was not only rebated, but sore wounded, and Aliena and 
Ganymede had been quite carried away by these rascals, 
had not fortune, that meant to turn her frown into a 
favour, brought Saladyne that way by chance, who wandering 
to find out his brother's walk, encountered this crew : and 
seeing not only a shepherdess and her boy forced, but his 
brother wounded, he heaved up a forest bill he had on his 



io6 ROSALYNDE, OR 

neck, and the first he stroke had never after more need of the 
physician, redoubling his blows with such courage that the 
slaves were amazed at his valour. Rosader, espying his 
brother so fortunately arrived, and seeing how valiantly he 
behaved himself, though sore wounded rushed amongst them, 
and laid on such load, that some of the crew were slain, 
and the rest fled, leaving Aliena and Ganymede in the 
possession of Rosader and Saladyne. 

Aliena after she had breathed awhile and was come to 
herself from this fear, looked about her, and saw where 
Ganymede was busy dressing up the wounds of the 
forester : but she cast her eye upon this courteous champion 
that had made so hot a rescue, and that with such affection, 
that she began to measure every part of him with favour, 
and in herself to commend his personage and his virtue, 
holding him for a resolute man, that durst assail such a 
troop of unbridled villains. At last, gathering her spirits 
together, she returned him these thanks : 

* Gentle sir, whatsoever you be that have adventured your 
flesh to relieve our fortunes, as we hold you valiant so 
we esteem you courteous, and to have as many hidden 
virtues as you have manifest resolutions. We poor shep- 
herds have no wealth but our flocks, and therefore can 
we not make requital with any great treasures ; but our 
recompense is thanks, and our rewards to her friends without 
feigning. For ransom, therefore, of this our rescue, you must 
content yourself to take such a kind gramercy as a poor 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 107 

shepherdess and her page may give, with promise, in what we 
may, never to prove ingrateful. For this gentleman that is hurt, 
young Rosader, he is our good neighbour and familiar ac- 
quaintance ; we'll pay him with smiles, and feed him with love- 
looks, and though he be never the fatter at the year's end, yet 
we'll so hamper him that he shall hold himself satisfied.' 

Saladyne, hearing this shepherdess speak so wisely, began 
more narrowly to pry into her perfection, and to survey 
all her lineaments with a curious insight ; so long dallying in 
the flame of her beauty, that to his cost he found her to be 
most excellent. For love that lurked in all these broils to 
have a blow or two, seeing the parties at the gaze, encountered 
them both with such a veny, that the stroke pierced to the 
heart so deep as it could never after be rased out. At last, 
after he had looked so long, till Aliena waxed red, he returned 
her this answer : 

* Fair shepherdess, if Fortune graced me with such good 
hap as to do you any favour, I hold myself as contented 
as if I had gotten a great conquest ; for the relief of dis- 
tressed women is the special point that gentlemen are tied 
unto by honour. Seeing then my hazard to rescue your harms 
was rather duty than courtesy, thanks is more than belongs 
to the requital of such a favour. But lest I might seem 
either too coy or too careless of a gentlewoman's proffer, I 
will take your kind gramercy for a recompense.' 

All this while that he spake, Ganymede looked earnestly 
upon him, 'and said : 



io8 ROSALYNDE, OR 

* Truly, Rosader, this gentleman favours you much in the 
feature of your face.' 

* No marvel,* quoth he, * gentle swain, for 'tis my eldest 
brother Saladyne.' 

< Your brother ? ' quoth Aliena, and with that she blushed, 
* he is the more welcome, and I hold myself the more his 
debtor ; and for that he hath in my behalf done such a piece 
of service, if it please him to do me that honour, I will 
call him servant, and he shall call me mistress.' 

* Content, sweet mistress,' quoth Saladyne, * and when I 
forget to call you so, I will be unmindful of mine own self.' 

*Away with these quirks and quiddities of love,' quoth 
Rosader, * and give me some drink, for I am passing thirsty, 
and then will I home, for my wounds bleed sore, and I will 
have them dressed.' 

Ganymede had tears in her eyes, and passions in her heart 
to see her Rosader so pained, and therefore stepped hastily to 
the bottle, and filling out some wine in a mazer, she spiced it 
with such comfortable drugs as she had about her, and gave 
it him, which did comfort Rosader, that rising, with the 
help of his brother, he took his leave of them, and went 
to his lodge. Ganymede, as soon as they were out of sight, 
led his flocks down to a vale, and there under the shadow of 
a beech tree sate down, and began to mourn the misfortunes 
of her sweetheart. 

And Aliena, as a woman passing discontent, severing 
herself from her Ganymede, sitting under a limon tree, began 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 109 

to sigh out the passions of her new love, and to meditate with 
herself in this manner : 

* Ay me ! now I see, and sorrowing sigh to see, that 
Diana's laurels are harbours for Venus' doves ; that there 
trace as well through the lawns wantons as Aliena's 
chaste ones ; that Calisto, be she never so chary, '"edttation. 
will cast one amorous eye at courting Jove ; that Diana her- 
self will change her shape, but she will honour Love in a 
shadow ; that maidens* eyes be they as hard as diamonds, 
yet Cupid hath drugs to make them more pliable than wax. 
See, Alinda, how Fortune and Love have interleagued them- 
selves to be thy foes, and to make thee their subject, or else 
an abject, have inveigled thy sight with a most beautiful 
object. A-late thou didst hold Venus for a giglot, not a 
goddess, and now thou shalt be forced to sue suppliant to her 
deity. Cupid was a boy and blind ; but, alas, his eye had 
aim enough to pierce thee to the heart. While I lived in 
the court I held love in contempt, and in high seats I had 
small desires. I knew not affection while I lived in dignity, 
nor could Venus countercheck me, as long as my fortune 
was majesty, and my thoughts honour ; and shall I now be 
high in desires, when I am made low by destiny ? I have 
heard them say, that Love looks not at low cottages, that 
Venus jets in robes not in rags, that Cupid flies so 
high, that he scorns to touch poverty with his heel. 
Tush, Alinda, these are but old wives' tales, and neither 
authentical precepts, nor infallible principles ; for experience 



no ROSALYNDE, OR 

tells thee, that peasants have their passions as well as 
princes, that swains as they have their labours, so they 
have their amours, and Love lurks as soon about a sheep- 
cote as a palace. 

* Ah, Alinda, this day in avoiding a prejudice thou 
art fallen into a deeper mischief; being rescued from the 
robbers, thou art become captive to Saladyne : and what 
then ? Women must love, or they must cease to live ; and 
therefore did nature frame them fair, that they might be sub- 
jects to fancy. But perhaps Saladyne's eye is levelled upon 
a more seemlier saint. If it be so, bear thy passions with 
patience ; say Love hath wronged thee, that hath not wrung 
him ; and if he be proud in contempt, be thou rich in content, 
and rather die than discover any desire : for there is nothing 
more precious in a woman than to conceal love and to die 
modest. He is the son and heir of Sir John of Bordeaux, 
a youth comely enough. O Alinda, too comely, else hadst 
not thou been thus discontent ; valiant, and that fettered thine 
eye ; wise, else hadst thou not been now won ; but for all 
these virtues banished by thy father, and therefore if he know 
thy parentage, he will hate the fruit for the tree, and condemn 
the young scion for the old stock. Well, howsoever, I must 
love, and whomsoever, I will ; and, whatsoever betide, Aliena 
will think well of Saladyne, suppose he of me as he please.* 

And with that fetching a deep sigh, she rise up, and 
went to Ganymede, who all this while sate in a great dump, 
fearing the imminent danger of her friend Rosader ; but now 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY m 

Aliena began to comfort her, herself being overgrown with 
sorrows, and to recall her from her melancholy with many 
pleasant persuasions. Ganymede took all in the best part, 
and so they went home together after they had folded their 
flocks, supping with old Corydon, who had provided their 
cates. He, after supper, to pass away the night while bed- 
time, began a long discourse, how Montanus, the young 
shepherd that was in love with Phoebe, could by no means 
obtain any favour at her hands, but, still pained in restless 
passions, remained a hopeless and perplexed lover. 

* I would I might,' quoth Aliena, * once see that Phoebe. 
Is she so fair that she thinks no shepherd worthy of her 
beauty ? or so fro ward that no love nor loyalty will content 
her ? or so coy that she requires a long time to be wooed ? 
or so foolish that she forgets that like a fop she must have a 
large harvest for a little corn ? ' 

*I cannot distinguish,' quoth Corydon, * of these nice quali- 
ties; but one of these days I'll bring Montanus and her down, 
that you may both see their persons, and note their passions ; 
and then where the blame is, there let it rest. But this I am 
sure,' quoth Corydon, * if all maidens were of her mind, the 
world would grow to a mad pass ; for there would be great 
store of wooing and little wedding, many words and little 
worship, much folly and no faith.' 

At this sad sentence of Corydon, so solemnly brought 
forth, Aliena smiled, and because it waxed late, she and her 
page went to bed, both of them having fleas in their ears to 



112 ROSALYNDE, OR 

keep them awake ; Ganymede for the hurt of her Rosader, 
and Aliena for the affection she bore to Saladyne. In this 
discontented humour they passed away the time, till falling on 
sleep, their senses at rest. Love left them to their quiet 
slumbers, which were not long. For as soon as Phoebus 
rose from his Aurora, and began to mount him in the sky, 
summoning plough-swains to their handy labour, Aliena arose, 
and going to the couch where Ganymede lay, awakened 
her page, and said the morning was far spent, the dew small, 
and time called them away to their folds. 

* Ah, ah ! * quoth Ganymede, * is the wind in that door ? 
then in faith I perceive that there is no diamond so hard but 
will yield to the file, no cedar so strong but the wind will 
shake, nor any mind so chaste but love will change. Well, 
Aliena, must Saladyne be the man, and will it be a match ? 
Trust me, he is fair and valiant, the son of a worthy 
knight, whom if he imitate in perfection, as he represents 
him in proportion, he is worthy of no less than Aliena. But 
he is an exile. What then ? I hope my mistress respects 
the virtues not the wealth, and measures the qualities not the 
substance. Those dames that are like Danae, that like love 
in no shape but in a shower of gold, I wish them husbands 
with much wealth and little wit, that the want of the one 
may blemish the abundance of the other. It should, my 
Aliena, stain the honour of a shepherd's life to set the end 
of passions upon pelf. Love's eyes looks not so low as 
gold ; there is no fees to be paid in Cupid's courts ; and in 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 113 

elder time, as Corydon hath told me, the shepherds' love- 
gifts were apples and chestnuts, and then their desires were 
loyal, and their thoughts constant. But now 

Quaerenda pecunia primum, post nummos virtus. 

And the time is grown to that which Horace in his Satires 
wrote on ; 

omnis enim res 
Virtus fama decus divina humanaque pulchris 
Divitiis parent : quas qui construxerit ille 
Clarus erit, fortis, Justus. Sapiensne? Etiam et rex 
Et quicquid volet — 

But, Aliena, let it not be so with thee in thy fancies, but 
respect his faith and there an end.' 

Aliena, hearing Ganymede thus forward to further Sala- 
dyne in his affections, thought she kissed the child for the 
nurse's sake, and wooed for him that she might please 
Rosader, made this reply : 

* Why, Ganymede, whereof grows this persuasion ? Hast 
thou seen love in my looks, or are mine eyes grown so 
amorous, that they discover some new-entertained fancies ? 
If thou measurest my thoughts by my countenance, thou 
mayest prove as ill a physiognomer, as the lapidary that 
aims at the secret virtues of the topaz by the exterior 
shadow of the stone. The operation of the agate is not 
known by the strakes, nor the diamond prized by his 

I 



114 ROSALYNDE, OR 

brightness, but by his hardness. The carbuncle that shineth 
most is not ever the most precious ; and the apothecaries 
choose not flowers for their colours, but for their virtues. 
Women's faces are not always calendars of fancy, nor do 
their thoughts and their looks ever agree ; for when their 
eyes are fullest of favours, then are they oft most empty of 
desire ; and when they seem to frown at disdain, then are 
they most forward to affection. If I be melancholy, then, 
Ganymede, 'tis not a consequence that I am entangled with 
the perfection of Saladyne. But seeing fire cannot be hid in 
the straw, nor love kept so covert but it will be spied, what 
should friends conceal fancies ? Know, my Ganymede, the 
beauty and valour, the wit and prowess of Saladyne hath 
fettered Aliena so far, as there is no object pleasing to her 
eyes but the sight of Saladyne ; and if Love have done me 
justice to wrap his thoughts in the folds of my face, and that 
he be as deeply enamoured as I am passionate, I tell thee, 
Ganymede, there shall not be much wooing, for she is already 
won, and what needs a longer battery.' 

* I am glad,' quoth Ganymede, * that it shall be thus pro- 
portioned, you to match with Saladyne, and I with Rosader : 
thus have the Destinies favoured us with some pleasing aspect, 
that have made us as private in our loves, as familiar in our 
fortunes. ' 

With this Ganymede start up, made her ready, and went 
into the fields with Aliena, where unfolding their flocks, 
they sate them down under an olive tree, both of them 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 115 

amorous, and yet diversely affected ; Aliena joying in the 
excellence of Saladyne, and Ganymede sorrowing for the 
wounds of her Rosader, not quiet in thought till she might 
hear of his health. As thus both of them sate in their 
dumps, they might espy where Corydon came running 
towards them, almost out of breath with his haste. 

* What news with you," quoth Aliena, * that you come in 
such post ? ' 

* Oh, mistress,* quoth Corydon, * you have a long time 
desired to see Phoebe, the fair shepherdess whom Montanus 
loves ; so now if you please, you and Ganymede, but to walk 
with me to yonder thicket, there shall you see Montanus 
and her sitting by a fountain, he courting with his country 
ditties, and she as coy as if she held love in disdain.' 

The news were so welcome to the two lovers, that up they 
rose, and went with Corydon. As soon as they drew nigh 
the thicket, they might espy where Phoebe sate, the fairest 
shepherdess in all Arden, and he the frolickest swain in the 
whole forest, she in a petticoat of scarlet, covered with a 
green mantle, and to shroud her from the sun, a chaplet of 
roses, from under which appeared a face full of nature's excel- 
lence, and two such eyes as might have amated a greater man 
than Montanus. At gaze upon the gorgeous nymph sat the 
shepherd, feeding his eyes with her favours, wooing with 
such piteous looks, and courting with such deep-strained 
sighs, as would have made Diana herself to have been 
compassionate. At last, fixing his looks on the riches of her 



ii6 ROSALYNDE, OR 

face, his head on his hand, and his elbow on his knee, he 
6ung this mournful ditty : 

MoNTANus' Sonnet 

A turtle sate upon a leaveless tree, 

Mourning her absent fere 

With sad and sorry cheer : 

About her wondering stood 

The citizens of wood, 

And whilst her plumes she rents 

And for her love laments, 

The stately trees complain them. 

The birds with sorrow pain them. 

Each one that doth her view 

Her pain and sorrows rue ; 

But were the sorrows known 

That me hath overthrown, 
Oh how would Phoebe sigh if she did look on me 1 

The lovesick Polypheme, that could not see, 

Who on the barren shore 

His fortunes doth deplore, 

And melteth all in moan 

For Galatea gone, 

And with his piteous cries 

Afflicts both earth and skies, 

And to his woe betook 

Doth break both pipe and hook, 

For whom complains the morn, 

For whom the sea-nymphs mourn, 

Alas, his pain is nought ; 

For were my woe but thought, 
Oh how would Phoebe sigh if she did look on me ! 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 

Beyond compare my pain ; 

Yet glad am I, 
If gentle Phoebe deign 

To see her Montan die. 



After this, Montanus felt his passions so extreme, that he 
fell into this exclamation against the injustice of Love : 

Helas, tyran, plein de rigueur, 
Mod^re un peu ta violence : 
Que te sert si grande depense ? 
C'est trop de flammes pour un coeur. 
Epargnez en une ^tincelle, 
Puis fais ton effort d'emouvoir, 
La fiere qui ne veut point voir, 
En quel feu je brule pour elle. 
Execute, Amour, ce dessein, 
Et rabaisse un peu son audace : 
Son coeur ne doit ^tre de glace, 
Bien qu'elle ait de neige le sein. 

Montanus ended his sonnet with such a volley of sighs, 
and such a stream of tears, as might have moved any but 
Phoebe to have granted him favour. But she, measuring all 
his passions with a coy disdain, and triumphing in the poor 
shepherd's pathetical humours, smiling at his martyrdom as 
though love had been no malady, scornfully warbled out this 
sonnet : 



ii8 ROSALYNDE, OR 



Phoebe's Sonnet, a Reply to Montanus' Passion 

Down a down, 

Thus Phyllis sung, 

By fancy once distressed ; 
Whoso by foolish love are stung 
Are worthily oppressed. 

And so sing I. With a down, down, &c. 

When Love was first begot, 

And by the mover's will 
Did fall to human lot 

His solace to fulfil, 
Devoid of all deceit, 

A chaste and holy fire 
Did quicken man's conceit. 

And women's breast inspire. 
The gods that saw the good 

That mortals did approve, 
With kind and holy mood 

Began to talk of Love. 

Down a down. 

Thus Phyllis sung 

By fancy once distressed, &c. 

But during this accord, 

A wonder strange to hear, 
Whilst Love in deed and word 

Most faithful did appear. 
False-semblance came in place, 

By Jealousy attended. 
And with a double face 

Both love and fancy blended ; 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 119 

Which made the gods forsake, 

And men from fancy fly, 
And maidens scorn a make, 

Forsooth, and so will I. 

Down a down. 

Thus Phyllis sung, 

By fancy once distressed ; 

Who so by foolish love are stung 

Are worthily oppressed. 

And so sing I. 

With down a down, a down down, a down a. 

Montanus, hearing the cruel resolution of Phoebe, was so 
overgrown with passions, that from amorous ditties he fell 
flat into these terms : 

* Ah, Phoebe,' quoth he, * whereof art thou made, that thou 
regardest not my malady ? Am I so hateful an object that 
thine eyes condemn me for an abject ? or so base, that thy 
desires cannot stoop so low as to lend me a gracious look ? 
My passions are many, my loves more, my thoughts loyalty, 
and my fancy faith : all devoted in humble devoir to the 
service of Phoebe ; and shall I reap no reward for such 
fealties ? The swain's daily labours is quit with the evening's 
hire, the ploughman's toil is eased with the hope of corn, 
what the ox sweats out at the plough he fatteneth at the 
crib ; but infortunate Montanus hath no salve for his sor- 
rows, nor any hope of recompense for the hazard of his 
perplexed passions. If, Phoebe, time may plead the proof 
of my truth, twice seven winters have I loved fair Phoebe : 



120 ROSALYNDE, OR 

if constancy be a cause to farther my suit, Montanus' thoughts 
have been sealed in the sweet of Phoebe's excellence, as far 
from change as she from love : if outward passions may dis- 
cover inward affections, the furrows in my face may decipher 
the sorrows of my heart, and the map of my looks the griefs 
of my mind. Thou seest, Phoebe, the tears of despair 
have made my cheeks full of wrinkles, and my scalding 
sighs have made the air echo her pity conceived in my 
plaints : Philomele hearing my passions, hath left her mourn- 
ful tunes to listen to the discourse of my miseries. I have 
portrayed in every tree the beauty of my mistress, and the 
despair of my loves. What is it in the woods cannot witness 
my woes ? and who is it would not pity my plaints ? Only 
Phoebe. And why ? Because I am Montanus, and she 
Phoebe : I a worthless swain, and she the most excellent of 
all fairies. Beautiful Phoebe ! oh, might I say pitiful, then 
happy were I, though I tasted but one minute of that good 
hap. Measure Montanus not by his fortunes but by his 
loves, and balance not his wealth but his desires, and 
lend but one gracious look to cure a heap of disquieted 
cares. If not, ah ! if Phoebe cannot love, let a storm of 
frowns end the discontent of my thoughts, and so let me 
perish in my desires, because they are above my deserts : 
only at my death this favour cannot be denied me, that all 
shall say Montanus died for love of hard-hearted Phoebe.' 

At these words she filled her face full of frowns, and made 
him this short and sharp reply : 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 121 

'Importunate shepherd, whose loves are lawless, because 
restless, are thy passions so extreme that thou canst not 
conceal them with patience ? or art thou so folly-sick, that 
thou must needs be fancy-sick, and in thy affection tied 
to such an exigent, as none serves but Phoebe ? Well, sir, 
if your market may be made no where else, home again, for 
your mart is at the fairest. Phoebe is no lettuce for your 
lips, and her grapes hangs so high, that gaze at them you may, 
but touch them you cannot. Yet, Montanus, I speak not 
this in pride, but in disdain ; not that I scorn thee, but that 
I hate love ; for I count it as great honour to triumph over 
fancy as over fortune. Rest thee content therefore, Montanu-? : 
cease from thy loves, and bridle thy looks, quench the 
sparkles before they grow to a further flame ; for in loving 
me thou shalt live by loss, and what thou utterest in words 
are all written in the wind. Wert thou, Montanus, as 
fair as Paris, as hardy as Hector, as constant as Troilus, as 
loving as Leander, Phoebe could not love, because she cannot 
love at all : and therefore if thou pursue me with Phoebus, I 
must fly with Daphne.' 

Ganymede, overhearing all these passions of Montanus, 
could not brook the cruelty of Phoebe, but starting from 
behind the bush said : 

*And if, damsel, you fled from me, I would transform 
you as Daphne to a bay, and then in contempt trample your 
branches under my feet.' 

Phoebe at this sudden reply was amazed, especially when 



122 ROSALYNDE, OR 

she saw so fair a swain as Ganymede ; blushing therefore, 
she would have been gone, but that he held her by the hand, 
and prosecuted his reply thus : 

* What, shepherdess, so fair and so cruel ? Disdain 
beseems not cottages, nor coyness maids ; for either they be 
condemned to be too proud, or too froward. Take heed, 
fair nymph, that in despising love, you be not overreached 
with love, and in shaking off all, shape yourself to your own 
shadow, and so with Narcissus prove passionate and yet 
unpitied. Oft have I heard, and sometimes have I seen, 
high disdain turned to hot desires. Because thou art 
beautiful be not so coy : as there is nothing more fair, 
so there is nothing more fading ; as momentary as the 
shadows which grows from a cloudy sun. Such, my fair 
shepherdess, as disdain in youth desire in age, and then 
are they hated in the winter, that might have been loved 
in the prime. A wrinkled maid is like to a parched rose, 
that is cast up in coffers to please the smell, not worn in 
the hand to content the eye. There is no folly in love 
to had I nv'tsty and therefore be ruled by me. Love while 
thou art young, least thou be disdained when thou art old. 
Beauty nor time cannot be recalled, and if thou love, like 
of Montanus ; for if his desires are many, so his deserts 
are great.' 

Phcebe all this while gazed on the perfection of Ganymede, 
as deeply enamoured on his perfection as Montanus inveigled 
with hers ; for her eye made survey of his excellent feature. 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 



123 



which she found so rare, that she thought the ghost of Adonis 
had been leaped from Elysium in the shape of a swain. When 
she blushed at her own folly to look so long on a stranger, 
she mildly made answer to Ganymede thus : 

*I cannot deny, sir, but I have heard of Love, though I 
never felt love ; and have read of such a goddess as Venus, 
though I never saw any but her picture ; and, perhaps ' — 
and with that she waxed red and bashful, and withal 
silent ; which Ganymede perceiving, commended in herself 
the bashfulness of the maid, and desired her to go forward. 

* And perhaps, sir,' quoth she, * mine eye hath been more 
prodigal to-day than ever before ' — and with that she stayed 
again, as one greatly passionate and perplexed. 

Aliena seeing the hare through the maze, bade her forward 
with her prattle, but in vain ; for at this abrupt period she 
broke off, and with her eyes full of tears, and her face 
covered with a vermilion dye, she sate down and sighed. 
Whereupon Aliena and Ganymede, seeing the shepherdess 
in such a strange plight, left Phoebe with her Montanus, 
wishing her friendly that she would be more pliant to Love, 
lest in penance Venus joined her to some sharp repentance. 
Phoebe made no reply, but fetched such a sigh, that Echo 
made relation of her plaint, giving Ganymede such an adieu 
with a piercing glance, that the amorous girl-boy perceived 
Phoebe was pinched by the heel. 

But leaving Phoebe to the follies of her new fancy, and 
Montanus to attend upon her, to Saladyne, who all this last 



124 ROSALYNDE, OR 

night could not rest for the remembrance of Aliena ; inso- 
much that he framed a sweet conceited sonnet to content his 
humour, which he put in his bosom, being requested by his 
brother Rosader to go to Aliena and Ganymede, to signify 
unto them that his wounds were not dangerous. A more 
happy message could not happen to Saladyne, that taking 
his forest bill on his neck, he trudgeth in all haste towards 
the plains where Aliena's flocks did feed, coming just to 
the place when they returned from Montanus and Phoebe. 
Fortune so conducted this jolly forester, that he encountered 
them and Corydon, whom he presently saluted in this manner : 

' Fair shepherdess, and too fair, unless your beauty be 
tempered with courtesy, and the lineaments of the face graced 
with the lowliness of mind, as many good fortunes to you 
and your page, as yourselves can desire or I imagine. My 
brother Rosader, in the grief of his green wounds still mind- 
ful of his friends, hath sent me to you with a kind salute, 
to show that he brooks his pains with the more patience, 
in that he holds the parties precious in whose defence 
he received the prejudice. The report of your welfare will 
be a great comfort to his distempered body and distressed 
thoughts, and therefore he sent me with a strict charge to 
visit you.' 

* And you,' quoth Aliena, *are the more welcome in that 
you are messenger from so kind a gentleman, whose pains we 
compassionate with as great sorrow as he brooks them with 
grief; and his wounds breeds in us as many passions as in 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 125 

him extremities, so that what disquiet he feels in body we 
partake in heart, wishing, if we might, that our mishap might 
salve his malady. But seeing our wills yields him little ease, 
our orisons are never idle to the gods for his recovery/ 

*I pray, youth,' quoth Ganymede with tears in his 
eyes, < when the surgeon searched him, held he his wounds 
dangerous ? ' 

* Dangerous,' quoth Saladyne, * but, not mortal ; and the 
sooner to be cured, in that his patient is not impatient of any 
pains : whereupon my brother hopes within these ten days 
to walk abroad and visit you himself.' 

* In the meantime,' quoth Ganymede, * say his Rosalynde 
commends her to him, and bids him be of good cheer.' 

* I know not,' quoth Saladyne, < who that Rosalynde is, but 
whatsoever she is, her name is never out of his mouth, but 
amidst the deepest of his passions he useth Rosalynde as a 
charm to appease all sorrows with patience ; insomuch that 
I conjecture my brother is in love, and she some paragon 
that holds his heart perplexed, whose name he oft records 
with sighs, sometimes with tears, straight with joy, then 
with smiles ; as if in one person love had lodged a Chaos of 
confused passions. Wherein I have noted the variable dis- 
position of fancy, that like the polype in colours, so it 
changeth into sundry humours, being, as it should seem, a 
combat mixed with disquiet and a bitter pleasure wrapped in 
a sweet prejudice, like to the Sinople tree, whose blossoms 
delight the smell, and whose fruit infects the taste.' 



126 ROSALYNDE, OR 

* By my faith,' quoth Aliena, * sir, you are deep read in 
love, or grows your insight into affection by experience ? 
Howsoever, you are a great philosopher in Venus' principles, 
else could you not discover her secret aphorisms. But, sir, 
our country amours are not like your courtly fancies, nor is 
our wooing like your suing ; for poor shepherds never plain 
them till love pain them, where the courtier's eyes is full of 
passions, when his heart is most free from affection ; they 
court to discover their eloquence, we woo to ease our 
sorrows ; every fair face with them must have a new fancy 
sealed with a forefinger kiss and a far-fetched sigh, we 
here love one and live to that one so long as life can 
maintain love, using few ceremonies because we know few 
subtleties, and little eloquence for that we lightly account of 
flattery; only faith and troth, that's shepherds' wooing; and, 
sir, how like you of this ? ' 

* So,' quoth Saladyne, * as I could tie myself to such love.' 
*What, and look so low as a shepherdess, being the 

son of Sir John of Bordeaux ? Such desires were a disgrace 
to your honours.' And with that surveying exquisitely every 
part of him, as uttering all these words in a deep passion, 
she espied the paper in his bosom ; whereupon growing jealous 
that it was some amorous sonnet, she suddenly snatched it out 
of his bosom and asked if it were any secret. She was bash- 
ful, and Saladyne blushed, which she preceiving, said : 

*Nay then, sir, if you wax red, my life for yours 'tis 
some love-matter. I will see your mistress' name, her 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 127 

praises, and your passions.' And with that she looked on it, 
which was written to this effect : 

Saladyne's Sonnet 

If it be true that heaven's eternal course 
With restless sway and ceaseless turning glides ; 
If air inconstant be, and swelling source 
Turn and returns with many fluent tides ; 

If earth in winter summer's pride estrange, 

And nature seemeth only fair in change ; 

If it be true that our immortal spright, 

Derived from heavenly pure, in wand'ring still, 

In novelty and strangeness doth delight, 

And by discoverent power discerneth ill ; 
And if the body for to work his best 
Doth with the seasons change his place of rest ; 

Whence comes it that, enforced by furious skies, 
I change both place and soil, but not my heart, 
Yet salve not in this change my maladies ? 
Whence grows it that each object works my smart ? 

Alas, I see my faith procures my miss, 

And change in love against my nature is, 

Et jlorida pungunt. 

Aliena having read over his sonnet, began thus pleasantly 
to descant upon it : 

* I see, Saladyne,' quoth she, * that as the sun is no sun 
without his brightness, nor the diamond accounted for precious 
unless it be hard, so men are not men unless they be in love; 
and their honours are measured by their amours, not their 



128 ROSALYNDE, OR 

labours, counting it more commendable for a gentleman to be 
full of fancy, than full of virtue. I had thought 

Otia si tollas, periere Cupidinis arcus, 
Contemptaeque jacent et sine luce faces. 

But I see Ovid's axiom is not authentical, for even labour 
hath her loves, and extremity is no pumice-stone to rase out 
fancy. Yourself exiled from your wealth, friends, and 
country by Torismond, sorrows enough to suppress affec- 
tions, yet amidst the depth of these extremities, love will 
be lord, and show his power to be more predominant than 
fortune. But I pray you, sir, if without offence I may crave 
it, are they some new thoughts, or some old desires ? ' 

Saladyne, that now saw opportunity pleasant, thought to 
strike while the iron was hot, and therefore taking Aliena 
by the hand, sate down by her ; and Ganymede, to give 
them leave to their loves, found herself busy about the 
folds, whilst Saladyne fell into this prattle with Aliena : 

* Fair mistress, if I be blunt in discovering my affections, 
and use little eloquence in levelling out my loves, I appeal 
for pardon to your own principles, that say, shepherds use 
few ceremonies, for that they acquaint themselves with few 
subtleties. To frame myself, therefore, to your country 
fashion with much faith and little flattery, know, beautiful 
shepherdess, that whilst I lived in the court I knew not 
love's cumber, but I held affection as a toy, not as a malady ; 
using fancy as the Hyperborei do their flowers, which they 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 129 

wear in their bosom all day, and cast them in the fire for 
fuel at night. I liked all, because I loved none, and who 
was most fair, on her I fed mine eye, but as charily as the 
bee, that as soon as she hath sucked honey from the rose, 
flies straight to the next marigold. Living thus at mine 
own list, I wondered at such as were in love, and when I 
read their passions, I took them only for poems that flowed 
from the quickness of the wit, not the sorrows of the heart. 
But now, fair nymph, since I became a forester. Love hath 
taught me such a lesson that I must confess his deity and 
dignity, and say as there is nothing so precious as beauty, so 
there is nothing more piercing than fancy. For since first I 
arrived at this place, and mine eye took a curious survey of 
your excellence, I have been so fettered with your beauty 
and virtue, as, sweet Aliena, Saladyne without further circum- 
stance loves Aliena. I could paint out my desires with long 
ambages ; but seeing in many words lies mistrust, and that 
truth is ever naked, let this suffice for a country wooing, 
Saladyne loves Aliena, and none but Aliena.' 

Although these words were most heavenly harmony in 
the ears of the shepherdess, yet to seem coy at the first 
courting, and to disdain love howsoever she desired love, she 
made this reply : 

*Ah, Saladyne, though I seem simple, yet I am more 
subtle than to swallow the hook because it hath a painted 
bait : as men are wily so women are wary, especially if they 
have that wit by others' harms to beware. Do we not 

K 



I30 ROSALYNDE, OR 

know, Saladyne, men's tongues are like Mercury's pipe, that 
can enchant Argus with an hundred eyes, and their words 
as prejudicial as the charms of Circes, that transform men 
into monsters. If such Sirens sing, we poor women had 
need stop our ears, lest in hearing we prove so foolish 
hardy as to believe them, and so perish in trusting much and 
suspecting little. Saladyne, p'lscator ictus sapit^ he that hath 
been once poisoned and afterwards fears not to bowse of 
every potion, is worthy to suffer double penance. Give 
me leave then to mistrust, though I do not condemn. 
Saladyne is now in love with Aliena, he a gentleman of 
great parentage, she a shepherdess of mean parents ; he 
honourable and she poor ? Can love consist of contrarieties ? 
Will the falcon perch with the kestrel, the lion harbour 
with the wolf? Will Venus join robes and rags together, 
or can there be a sympathy between a king and a beggar ? 
Then, Saladyne, how can I believe thee that love should 
unite our thoughts, when fortune hath set such a difference 
between our degrees ? But suppose thou likest Aliena's 
beauty : men in their fancy resemble the wasp, which scorns 
that flower from which she hath fetched her wax ; playing 
like the inhabitants of the island Tenerifa, who, when 
they have gathered the sweet spices, use the trees for fuel ; 
so men, when they have glutted themselves with the fair of 
women's faces, hold them for necessary evils, and wearied 
with that which they seemed so much to love, cast away 
fancy as children do their rattles, and loathing that which 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 131 

so deeply before they liked ; especially such as take love in 
a minute and have their eyes attractive, like jet, apt to 
entertain any object, are as ready to let it slip again.' 

Saladyne, hearing how Aliena harped still upon one string, 
which was the doubt of men's constancy, he broke off her 
sharp invective thus : 

*I grant, Aliena,' quoth he, 'many men have done amiss 
in proving soon ripe and soon rotten ; but particular instances 
infer no general conclusions, and therefore I hope what 
others have faulted in shall not prejudice my favours. I will 
not use sophistry to confirm my love, for that is subtlety ; nor 
long discourses lest my words might be thought more than 
my faith : but if this will suffice, that by the honour of a 
gentleman I love Aliena, and woo Aliena, not to crop the 
blossoms and reject the tree, but to consummate my faithful 
desires in the honourable end of marriage.' 

At the word marriage Aliena stood in a maze what to 
answer, fearing that if she were too coy, to drive him away 
with her disdain, and if she were too courteous, to discover 
the heat of her desires. In a dilemma thus what to do, at 
last this she said : 

* Saladyne, ever since I saw thee, I favoured thee ; I 
cannot dissemble my desires, because I see thou dost faith- 
fully manifest thy thoughts, and in liking thee I love thee 
so far as mine honour holds fancy still in suspense ; but if 
I knew thee as virtuous as thy father, or as well qualified as 
thy brother Rosader, the doubt should be quickly decided : 



132 ROSALYNDE, OR 

but for this time to give thee an answer, assure thyself 
this, I will either marry with Saladyne, or still live a virgin.* 
And with this they strained one another's hand ; which 
Ganymede espying, thinking he had had his mistress long 
enough at shrift, said : 
^ < What, a match or no ? ' 
j^ *A match,' quoth Aliena, * or else it were an ill market.' 

* I am glad,' quoth Ganymede. * I would Rosader were 
well here to make up a mess.' 

< Well remembered,' quoth Saladyne ; * I forgot I left my 
brother Rosader alone, and therefore lest being solitary he 
should increase his sorrows, I will haste me to him. May it 
please you, then, to command me any service to him, I am 
ready to be a dutiful messenger.' 

* Only at this time commend me to him,' quoth Aliena, 
* and tell him, though we cannot pleasure him we pray for 
him.' 

* And forget not,' quoth Ganymede, * my commendations ; 
but say to him that Rosalynde sheds as many tears from her 
heart as he drops of blood from his wounds, for the sorrow 
of his misfortunes, feathering all her thoughts with disquiet, 
till his welfare procure her content. Say thus, good Saladyne, 
and so farewell.' 

He having his message, gave a courteous adieu to them 
both, especially to Aliena, and so playing loath to depart, 
went to his brother. But Aliena, she perplexed and yet 
joyful, passed away the day pleasantly, still praising the 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 133 

perfection of Saladyne, not ceasing to chat of her new love 
till evening drew on ; and then they, folding their sheep, 
went home to bed. Where we leave them and return to 
Phoebe. 

Phoebe, fired with the uncouth flame of love, returned to 
her father's house, so galled with restless passions, as now 
she began to acknowledge, that as there was no flower so 
fresh but might be parched with the sun, no tree so strong 
but might be shaken with a storm, so there was no thought 
so chaste, but time armed with love could make amorous ; for 
she that held Diana for the goddess of her devotion, was 
now fain to fly to the altar of Venus, as suppliant now with 
prayers, as she was forward before with disdain. As she 
lay in her bed, she called to mind the several beauties of 
young Ganymede ; first his locks, which being amber-hued, 
passeth the wreath that Phoebus puts on to make his front 
glorious ; his brow of ivory was like the seat where love 
and majesty sits enthroned to enchain fancy; his eyes as 
bright as the burnishing of the heaven, darting forth frowns 
with disdain and smiles with favour, lightning such looks 
as would inflame desire, were she wrapped in the circle of 
the frozen zone ; in his cheeks the vermilion teinture of the 
rose flourished upon natural alabaster, the blush of the morn 
and Luna's silver show were so lively portrayed, that the 
Troyan that fills out wine to Jupiter was not half so beauti- 
ful ; his face was full of pleasance, and all the rest of his 
lineaments proportioned with such excellence, as Phoebe was 



134 ROSALYNDE, OR 

fettered in the sweetness of his feature. The idea of these 
perfections tumbling in her mind made the poor shepherdess 
so perplexed, as feehng a pleasure tempered with intolerable 
pains, and yet a disquiet mixed with a content, she rather 
wished to die than to live in this amorous anguish. But 
wishing is little worth in such extremes, and therefore was 
she forced to pine in her malady, without any salve for her 
sorrows. Reveal it she durst not, as daring in such matters 
to make none her secretary ; and to conceal it, why, it 
doubled her grief; for as fire suppressed grows to the 
greater flame, and the current stopped to the more violent 
stream, so love smothered wrings the heart with the deeper 
passions. 

Perplexed thus with sundry agonies, her food began to 
fail, and the disquiet of her mind began to work a distem- 
perature of her body, that, to be short, Phoebe fell extreme 
sick, and so sick as there was almost left no recovery of 
health. Her father, seeing his fair Phoebe thus distressed, 
sent for his friends, who sought by medicine to cure, and by 
counsel to pacify, but all in vain ; for although her body 
was feeble through long fasting, yet she did magis aegrotare 
animo quam corpore. Which her friends perceived and 
sorrowed at, but salve it they could not. 

The news of her sickness was bruited abroad through all 
the forest, which no sooner came to Montanus' ear, but he, 
like a madman, came to visit Phoebe. Where sitting by her 
bedside he began his exordium with so many tears and 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 135 

sighs, that she, perceiving the extremity of his sorrows, 
began now as a lover to pity them, although Ganymede 
held her from redressing them. Montanus craved to know 
the cause of her sickness, tempered with secret plaints, but 
she answered him, as the rest, with silence, having still the 
form of Ganymede in her mind, and conjecturing how she 
might reveal her loves. To utter it in words she found 
herself too bashful ; to discourse by any friend she would 
not trust any in her amours ; to remain thus perplexed still 
and conceal all, it was a double death. Whereupon, for her 
last refuge, she resolved to write unto Ganymede, and there- 
fore desired Montanus to absent himself a while, but not to 
depart, for she would see if she could steal a nap. He 
was no sooner gone out of the chamber, but reaching to her 
standish, she took pen and paper, and wrote a letter to 
this effect : 

* Phoebe to Ganymede wisheth what she wants herself. 

Fair shepherd — and therefore is Phoebe infortunate, 
because thou art so fair — although hitherto mine eyes were 
adamants to resist love, yet I no sooner saw thy face, but 
they became amorous to entertain love ; more devoted to 
fancy than before they were repugnant to affection, addicted 
to the one by nature and drawn to the other by beauty : 
which, being rare and made the more excellent by many 
virtues, hath so snared the freedom of Phoebe, as she rests 
at thy mercy, either to be made the most fortunate of all 



136 ROSALYNDE, OR 

maidens, or the most miserable of all women. Measure not, 
Ganymede, my loves by my wealth, nor my desires by my 
degrees ; but think my thoughts as full of faith, as thy face 
of amiable favours. Then, as thou knowest thyself most 
beautiful, suppose me most constant. If thou deemest me 
hard-hearted because I hated Montanus, think I was forced 
to it by fate ; if thou sayest I am kind-hearted because so 
lightly I love thee at the first look, think I was driven to it 
by destiny, whose influence, as it is mighty, so is it not to be 
resisted. If my fortunes were anything but infortunate love, 
I would strive with fortune ; but he that wrests against the 
will of Venus, seeks to quench fire with oil, and to thrust 
out one thorn by putting in another. If then, Ganymede, 
love enters at the eye, harbours in the heart, and will neither 
be driven out with physic nor reason, pity me, as one 
whose malady hath no salve but from thy sweet self, whose 
grief hath no ease but through thy grant ; and think I am 
a virgin who is deeply wronged when I am forced to woo, 
and conjecture love to be strong, that is more forcible than 
nature. Thus distressed unless by thee eased, I expect 
either to live fortunate by thy favour, or die miserable by 
thy denial. Living in hope. Farewell. 

She that must be thine, 

or not be at all, 

Phoebe.* 

To this letter she annexed this sonnet : 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 137 

SONETTO 

My boat doth pass the straits 

of seas incensed with fire, 
Filled with forgetfulness ; 

amidst the winter's night, 
A blind and careless boy, 

brought up by fond desire. 
Doth guide me in the sea 

of sorrow and despite. 

For every oar he sets 

a rank of foolish thoughts. 
And cuts, instead of wave, 

a hope without distress ; 
The winds of my deep sighs, 

that thunder still for noughts, 
Have split my sails with fear, 

with care and h-javiness. 

A mighty storm of tears, 

a black and hideous cloud, 
A thousand fierce disdains 

do slack the halyards oft ; 
Till ignorance do pull, 

and error hale the shrouds, 
No star for safety shines, 

no Phoebe from aloft. 

Time hath subdued art, 

and joy is slave to woe: 
Alas, Love's guide, be kind! 

what, shall I perish so ? 

This letter and the sonnet being ended, she could find no 



138 ROSALYNDE, OR 

fit messenger to send it by, and therefore she called in 
Montanus, and entreated him to carry it to Ganymede. 
Although poor Montanus saw day at a little hole, and did 
perceive what passion pinched her, yet, that he might seem 
dutiful to his mistress in all service, he dissembled the 
matter, and became a willing messenger of his own martyr- 
dom. And so, taking the letter, went the next morn very 
early to the plains where Aliena fed her flocks, and there 
he found Ganymede, sitting under a pomegranate tree, 
sorrowing for the hard fortunes of her Rosader. Montanus 
saluted him, and according to his charge delivered Ganymede 
the letters, which, he said, came from Phoebe. At this the 
wanton blushed, as being abashed to think what news 
should come from an unknown shepherdess ; but taking the 
letters, unripped the seals, and read over the discourse of 
Phoebe's fancies. When she had read and over-read them 
Ganymede began to smile, and looking on Montanus, fell 
into a great laughter, and with that called Aliena, to whom 
she showed the writings. Who, having perused them, 
conceited them very pleasantly, and smiled to see how love 
had yoked her, who before would not stoop to the lure ; 
Aliena whispering Ganymede in the ear, and saying, * Knew 
Phoebe what want there were in thee to perform her will, 
and how unfit thy kind is to be kind to her, she would be 
more wise, and less enamoured ; but leaving that, I pray thee 
let us sport with this swain.' At that word Ganymede, 
turning to Montanus, began to glance at him thus : 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 139 

* I pray thee, tell me, shepherd, by those sweet thoughts 
and pleasing sighs that grow from my mistress' favours, art 
thou in love with Phoebe ? ' 

* Oh, my youth,' quoth Montanus, * were Phoebe so far in 
love with me, my flocks would be more fat and their 
master more quiet ; for through the sorrows of my discon- 
tent grows the leanness of my sheep.' 

* Alas, poor swain,' quoth Ganymede, * are thy passions 
so extreme or thy fancy so resolute, that no reason will 
blemish the pride of thy affection, and rase out that which 
thou strivest for without hope ? ' 

* Nothing can make me forget Phoebe, while Montanus for- 
get himself; for those characters which true love hath stamped, 
neither the envy of time nor fortune can wipe away.' 

* Why but, Montanus,' quoth Ganymede, * enter with a 
deep insight into the despair of thy fancies, and thou shalt 
see the depth of thine own follies ; for, poor man, thy pro- 
gress in love is a regress to loss, swimming against the stream 
with the crab, and flying with Apis Indica against wind 
and weather. Thou seekest with Phoebus to win Daphne, 
and she flies faster than thou canst follow : thy desires soar 
with the hobby, but her disdain reacheth higher than thou 
canst make wing. I tell thee, Montanus, in courting Phoebe, 
thou barkest with the wolves of Syria against the moon, and 
rovest at such a mark, with thy thoughts, as is beyond the 
pitch of thy bow, praying to Love, when Love is pitiless, 
and thy malady remediless. For proof, Montanus, read these 



HO ROSALYNDE, OR 

letters, wherein thou shalt see thy great follies and little 
hope.' 

With that Montanus took them and perused them, but 
with such sorrow in his looks, as they betrayed a source of 
confused passions in his heart ; at every line his colour 
changed, and every sentence was ended with a period of 
sighs. 

At last, noting Phoebe's extreme desire toward Ganymede 
and her disdain towards him, giving Ganymede the letter, 
the shepherd stood as though he had neither won nor lost. 
Which Ganymede perceiving wakened him out of his dream 
thus : 

* Now, Montanus, dost thou see thou vowest great service 
and obtainest but little reward ; but in lieu of thy loyalty, 
she maketh thee, as Bellerophon, carry thine own bane. 
Then drink not willingly of that potion wherein thou 
knowest is poison ; creep not to her that cares not for thee. 
What, Montanus, there are many as fair as Phoebe, but 
most of all more courteous than Phoebe. I tell thee, 
shepherd, favour is love's fuel ; then since thou canst not 
get that, let the flame vanish into smoke, and rather sorrow 
for a while than repent thee for ever.' 

* I tell thee, Ganymede,' quoth Montanus, * as they which 
are stung with the scorpion, cannot be recovered but by the 
scorpion, nor he that was wounded with Achilles' lance be 
cured but with the same truncheon, so Apollo was fain to 
cry out that love was only eased with love, and fancy healed 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 141 

by no medicine but favour. Phoebus had herbs to heal all 
hurts but this passion ; Circes had charms for all chances 
but for affection, and Mercury subtle reasons to refel all 
griefs but love. Persuasions are bootless, reason lends no 
remedy, counsel no comfort, to such whom fancy hath 
made resolute ; and therefore though Phoebe loves Ganymede, 
yet Montanus must honour none but Phoebe.' 

* Then,' quoth Ganymede, * may I rightly term thee a 
despairing lover, that livest without joy, and lovest without 
hope. But what shall I do, Montanus, to pleasure thee ? Shall 
I despise Phoebe, as she disdains thee ? ' 

* Oh,' quoth Montanus, * that were to renew my griefs, 
and double my sorrows ; for the sight of her discontent 
were the censure of my death. Alas, Ganymede ! though I 
perish in my thoughts, let not her die in her desires. Of 
all passions, love is most impatient : then let not so fair 
a creature as Phoebe sink under the burden of so deep 
a distress. Being lovesick, she is proved heartsick, and 
all for the beauty of Ganymede. Thy proportion hath 
entangled her affection, and she is snared in the beauty of 
thy excellence. Then, sith she loves thee so dear, mislike 
not her deadly. Be thou paramour to such a paragon : she 
hath beauty to content thine eye, and flocks to enrich thy 
store. Thou canst not wish for more than thou shalt win by 
her ; for she is beautiful, virtuous and wealthy, three deep 
persuasions to make love frolic' 

Aliena seeing Montanus cut it against the hair, and plead 



142 ROSALYNDE, OR 

that Ganymede ought to love Phoebe, when his only life was 
the love of Phoebe, answered him thus : 

* Why, Montanus, dost thou further this motion, seeing 
if Ganymede marry Phoebe thy market is clean marred ? ' 

* Ah, mistress,* quoth he, * so hath love taught me to honour 
Phoebe, that I would prejudice my life to pleasure her, and 
die in despair rather than she should perish for want. It 
shall suffice me to see her contented, and to feed mine eye 
on her favour. If she marry, though it be my martyrdom, 
yet if she be pleased I will brook it with patience, and 
triumph in mine own stars to see her desires satisfied. 
Therefore, if Ganymede be as courteous as he is beautiful, 
let him show his virtues in redressing Phoebe's miseries.' 
And this Montanus pronounced with such an assured counten- 
ance, that it amazed both Aliena and Ganymede to see the 
resolution of his loves ; so that they pitied his passions and 
commended his patience, devising how they might by any 
subtlety get Montanus the favour of Phoebe. Straight, as 
women's heads are full of wiles, Ganymede had a fetch to 
force Phoebe to fancy the shepherd, malgrado the resolution 
of her mind : he prosecuted his policy thus : 

* Montanus,' quoth he, * seeing Phoebe is so forlorn, lest 
I might be counted unkind in not salving so fair a creature, 
I will go with thee to Phoebe, and there hear herself in 
word utter that which she hath discoursed with her pen ; and 
then, as love wills me, I will set down my censure. I will 
home by our house, and send Corydon to accompany Aliena. 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 143 

Montanus seemed glad of this determination and away they 
go towards the house of Phoebe. 

When they drew nigh to the cottage, Montanus ran before, 
and went in and told Phoebe that Ganymede was at the door. 
This word * Ganymede,' sounding in the ears of Phoebe, drave 
her into such an ecstasy for joy, that rising up in her bed, she 
was half revived, and her wan colour began to wax red; 
and with that came Ganymede in, who saluted Phoebe with 
such a courteous look, that it was half a salve to her sorrows. 
Sitting him down by her bedside, he questioned about her 
disease, and where the pain chiefly held her ? Phoebe 
looking as lovely as Venus in her night-gear, tainting her 
face with as ruddy a blush as Clytia did when she bewrayed 
her loves to Phoebus, taking Ganymede by the hand began 
thus : 

* Fair shepherd, if love were not more strong than 
nature, or fancy the sharpest extreme, my immodesty were 
the more, and my virtues the less ; for nature hath framed 
women's eyes bashful, their hearts full of fear, and their 
tongues full of silence ; but love, that imperious love, where 
his power is predominant, then he perverts all, and wresteth 
the wealth of nature to his own will ; an instance in my- 
self, fair Ganymede, for such a fire hath he kindled in 
my thoughts, that to find ease for the flame, I was forced to 
pass the bounds of modesty, and seek a salve at thy hands 
for my harms. Blame me not if I be overbold for it is 
thy beauty, and if I be too forward it is fancy, and the 



144 ROSALYNDE, OR 

deep insight into thy virtues that makes me thus fond ; for 
let me say in a word what may be contained in a volume, 
Phoebe loves Ganymede.' 

At this she held down her head and wept, and Ganymede 
rose as one that would suffer no fish to hang on his fingers, 
made this reply : 

* Water not thy plants, Phoebe, for I do pity thy plaints, 
nor seek not to discover thy loves in tears, for I conjecture 
thy truth by thy passions : sorrow is no salve for loves, nor 
sighs no remedy for affection. Therefore frolic, Phoebe ; 
for if Ganymede can cure thee, doubt not of recovery. Yet 
this let me say without offence, that it grieves mc to thwart 
Montanus in his fancies, seeing his desires have been so 
resolute, and his thoughts so loyal. But thou allegest that 
thou art forced from him by fate : so I tell thee, Phoebe, either 
some star or else some destiny fits my mind, rather with 
Adonis to die in chase than be counted a wanton on Venus' 
knee. Although I pity thy martyrdom, yet I can grant no 
marriage ; for though I held thee fair, yet mine eye is not 
fettered. Love grows not, like the herb Spattana, to his 
perfection in one night, but creeps with the snail, and yet 
at last attains to the top. Fest'ina lente, especially in love, 
for momentary fancies are oft-times the fruits of follies. 
If, Phoebe, I should like thee as the Hyperborei do their 
dates, which banquet with them in the morning and throw 
them away at night, my folly should be great, and thy 
repentance more. Therefore I will have time to turn my 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 145 

thoughts, and my loves shall grow up as the watercresses, 
slowly, but with a deep root. Thus, Phoebe, thou mayest 
see I disdain not, though I desire not ; remaining indifferent 
till time and love makes me resolute. Therefore, Phoebe, 
seek not to suppress affection, and with the love of 
Montanus quench the remembrance of Ganymede ; strive 
thou to hate me as I seek to like of thee, and ever have the 
duties of Montanus in thy mind, for I promise thee thou 
mayest have one more wealthy, but not more loyal.' These 
words were corrosives to the perplexed Phoebe, that sobbing 
out sighs, and straining out tears, she blubbered out these 
words : 

* And shall I then have no salve of Ganymede but suspense, 
no hope but a doubtful hazard, no comfort, but be posted 
off to the will of time ? Justly have the gods balanced my 
fortunes, who, being cruel to Montanus, found Ganymede as 
unkind to myself; so in forcing him perish for love, I shall 
die myself with overmuch love.' 

* I am glad,' quoth Ganymede, * you look into your own 
faults, and see where your shoe wrings you, measuring now 
the pains of Montanus by your own passions.' 

* Truth,' quoth Phoebe, * and so deeply I repent me of my 
frowardness toward the shepherd, that could I cease to 
love Ganymede, I would resolve to like Montanus.' 

* What, if I can with reason persuade Phoebe to mislike of 
Ganymede, will she then favour Montanus ? ' 

* When reason,' quoth she, * doth quench that love I owe 



146 ROSALYNDE, OR 

to thee, then will I fancy him ; conditionally, that if my 
love can be suppressed with no reason, as being without 
reason Ganymede will only wed himself to Phoebe.* 

* I grant it, fair shepherdess,' quoth he ; * and to feed 
thee with the sweetness of hope, this resolve on : I will 
never marry myself to woman but unto thyself.' 

And with that Ganymede gave Phoebe a fruitless kiss, 
and such words of comfort, that before Ganymede departed 
she arose out of her bed, and made him and Montanus such 
cheer, as could be found in such a country cottage ; Gany- 
mede in the midst of their banquet rehearsing the promises 
of either in Montanus' favour, which highly pleased the 
shepherd. Thus, all three content, and soothed up in hope, 
Ganymede took his leave of his Phoebe and departed, leaving 
her a contented woman, and Montanus highly pleased. But 
poor Ganymede, who had her thoughts on her Rosader, 
when she called to remembrance his wounds, filled her eyes 
full of tears, and her heart full of sorrows, plodded to fmd 
Aliena at the folds, thinking with her presence to drive 
away her passions. As she came on the plains she might 
espy where Rosader and Saladyne sate with Aliena under the 
shade; which sight was a salve to her grief, and such a 
cordial unto her heart, that she tripped alongst the lawns full 
of joy. 

At last Corydon, who was with them, spied Ganymede, 
and with that the clown rose, and, running to meet him, 
cried : 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 147 

* O sirrah, a match, a match ! our mistress shall be married 
on Sunday.' 

Thus the poor peasant frolicked it before Ganymede, who 
coming to the crew saluted them all, and especially Rosader, 
saying that he was glad to see him so well recovered of his 
wounds. 

* I had not gone abroad so soon,' quoth Rosader, * but 
that I am bidden to a marriage, which, on Sunday next, 
must be solemnized between my brother and Aliena. I 
see well where love leads delay is loathsome, and that small 
wooing serves where both the parties are willing.' 

* Truth,' quoth Ganymede ; * but a happy day should it 
be, if Rosader that day might be married to Rosalynde.' 

* Ah, good Ganymede,' quoth he, * by naming Rosalynde, 
renew not my sorrows ; for the thought of her perfections is 
the thrall of my miseries.' 

* Tush, be of good cheer, man,' quoth Ganymede : < I 
have a friend that is deeply experienced in negromancy and 
magic ; what art can do shall be acted for thine advantage. 
I will cause him to bring in Rosalynde, if either France or 
any bordering nation harbour her ; and upon that take the 
faith of a young shepherd.' 

Aliena smiled to see how Rosader frowned, thinking that 
Ganymede had jested with him. But, breaking off from 
those matters, the page, somewhat pleasant, began to discourse 
unto them what had passed between him and Phoebe ; which, 
as they laughed, so they wondered at, all confessing that 



148 ROSALYNDE, OR 

there is none so chaste but love will change. Thus they 
passed away the day in chat, and when the sun began to set 
they took their leaves and departed ; Aliena providing for 
their marriage day such solemn cheer and handsome robes 
as fitted their country estate, and yet somewhat the better, in 
that Rosader had promised to bring Gerismond thither as a 
guest. Ganymede, who then meant to discover herself before 
her father, had made her a gown of green, and a kirtle of 
the finest sendal, in such sort that she seemed some heavenly 
nymph harboured in country attire. 

Saladyne was not behind in care to set out the nuptials, 
nor Rosader unmindful to bid guests, who invited Gerismond 
and all his followers to the feast, who willingly granted, 
so that there was nothing but the day wanting to this 
marriage. 

In the meanwhile, Phoebe being a bidden guest made her- 
self as gorgeous as might be to please the eye of Ganymede ; 
and Montanus suited himself with the cost of many of his 
flocks to be gallant against the day, for then was Gany- 
mede to give Phoebe an answer of her loves, and Montanus 
either to hear the doom of his misery, or the censure of 
his happiness. But while this gear was a-brewing, Phoebe 
passed not one day without visiting her Ganymede, so far 
was she wrapped in the beauties of this lovely swain. Much 
prattle they had, and the discourse of many passions, Phoebe 
wishing for the day, as she thought, of her welfare, and 
Ganymede smiling to think what unexpected events would 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 149 

fall out at the wedding. In these humours the week went 
away, that at last Sunday came. 

No sooner did Phoebus' henchman appear in the sky, to 
give warning that his master's horses should be trapped in his 
glorious coach, but Corydon, in his holiday suit, marvellous 
seemly, in a russet jacket, welted with the same and faced 
with red worsted, having a pair of blue chamlet sleeves, 
bound at the wrists with four yellow laces, closed before very 
richly with a dozen of pewter buttons ; his hose was of grey 
kersey, with a large slop barred overthwart the pocket-holes 
with three fair guards, stitched of either side with red thread ; 
his stock was of the own, sewed close to his breech, and for 
to beautify his hose, he had trussed himself round with a 
dozen of new-threaden points of medley colour : his bonnet 
was green, whereon stood a copper brooch with the picture 
of Saint Denis ; and to want nothing that might make him 
amorous in his old days, he had a fair shirt-band of fine 
lockram, whipped over with Coventry blue of no small cost. 
Thus attired, Corydon bestirred himself as chief stickler in 
these actions, and had strowed all the house with flowers, 
that it seemed rather some of Flora's choice bowers than 
any country cottage. 

Thither repaired Phoebe with all the maids of the forest, 
to set out the bride in the most seemliest sort that might be ; 
but howsoever she helped to prank out AHena, yet her eye 
was still on Ganymede, who was so neat in a suit of grey, 
that he seemed Endymion when he won Luna with his looks, 



I50 ROSALYNDE, OR 

or Paris when he played the swain to get the beauty of the 
nymph Oenone. Ganymede, like a pretty page, waited on 
his mistress Aliena, and overlooked that all was in a readiness 
against the bridegroom should come ; who, attired in a forester's 
suit, came accompanied with Gerismond and his brother 
Rosader early in the morning ; where arrived, they were 
solemnly entertained by Aliena and the rest of the country 
swains ; Gerismond very highly commending the fortunate 
choice of Saladyne, in that he had chosen a shepherdess, 
whose virtues appeared in her outward beauties, being no 
less fair than seeming modest. Ganymede coming in, and 
seeing her father, began to blush, nature working affects by 
her secret effects. Scarce could she abstain from tears to 
see her father in so low fortunes, he that was wont to sit in 
his royal palace, attended on by twelve noble peers, now 
to be contented with a simple cottage, and a troop of revel- 
ling woodmen for his train. The consideration of his fall 
made Ganymede full of sorrows ; yet, that she might triumph 
over fortune with patience, and not any way dash that merry 
day with her dumps, she smothered her melancholy with a 
shadow of mirth, and very reverently welcomed the king, 
not according to his former degree, but to his present estate, 
with such diligence as Gerismond began to commend the 
page for his exquisite person and excellent qualities. 

As thus the king with his foresters frolicked it among the 
shepherds, Corydon came in with a fair mazer full of cider, 
and presented it to Gerismond with such a clownish salute 
that he began to smile, and took it of the old shepherd very 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 151 

kindly, drinking to Aliena and the rest of her fair maids, 
amongst whom Phoebe was the foremost. Aliena pledged 
the king, and drunk to Rosader ; so the carouse went round 
from him to Phoebe, &c. As they were thus drinking and 
ready to go to church, came in Montanus, apparelled all in 
tawny, to signify that he was forsaken ; on his head he 
wore a garland of willow, his bottle hanged by his side, 
whereon was painted despair, and on his sheep-hook hung 
two sonnets, as labels of his loves and fortunes. 

Thus attired came Montanus in, with his face as full of 
grief as his heart was of sorrows, showing in his counte- 
nance the map of extremities. As soon as the shepherds 
saw him, they did him all the honour they could, as being the 
flower of all the swains in Arden ; for a bonnier boy was 
there not seen since that wanton wag of Troy that kept sheep 
in Ida. He, seeing the king, and guessing it to be Gerismond, 
did him all the reverence his country courtesy could afford ; 
insomuch that the king, wondering at his attire, began to 
question what he was. Montanus overhearing him, made 

this reply : 

* I am, sir,' quoth he, * Love's swain, as full of inward 
discontents as I seem fraught with outward follies. Mine 
eyes like bees delight in sweet flowers, but sucking their full 
on the fair of beauty, they carry home to the hive of my 
heart far more gall than honey, and for one drop of pure 
dew, a ton full of deadly Aconiton. I hunt with the fly to 
pursue the eagle, that flying too nigh the sun, I perish with 
the sun ; my thoughts are above my reach, and my desires 



152 ROSALYNDE, OR 

more than my fortunes, yet neither greater than my loves. 
But daring with Phaethon, I fall with Icarus, and seeking 
to pass the mean, I die for being so mean ; my night- 
sleeps are waking slumbers, as full of sorrows as they be far 
from rest ; and my days' labours are fruitless amours, staring at 
a star and stumbling at a straw, leaving reason to follow after 
repentance ; yet every passion is a pleasure though it pinch, 
because love hides his wormseed in figs, his poisons in 
sweet potions, and shadows prejudice with the mask of 
pleasure. The wisest counsellors are my deep discontents, 
and I hate that which should salve my harm, like the patient 
which stung with the Tarantula loathes music, and yet the 
disease incurable but by melody. Thus, sir, restless I hold 
myself remediless, as loving without either reward or regard, 
and yet loving because there is none worthy to be loved but 
the mistress of my thoughts. And that I am as full of 
passions as I have discoursed in my plaints, sir, if you please, 
see my sonnets, and by them censure of my sorrows.' 

These words of Montanus brought the king into a great 
wonder, amazed as much at his wit as his attire, insomuch 
that he took the papers off his hook, and read them to this 
effect : 

Montanus' first Sonnet 

Alas I how wander I amidst these woods 

Whereas no day-bright shine doth find access ; 

But where the melancholy fleeting floods, 

Park as the night, my night of woes express. 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 153 

Disarmed of reason, spoiled of nature's goods, 
Without redress to salve my heaviness 

I walk, whilst thought, too cruel to my harms. 
With endless grief my heedless judgment charms. 

My silent tongue assailed by secret fear. 

My traitorous eyes imprisoned in their joy. 
My fatal peace devoured in feigned cheer. 
My heart enforced to harbour in annoy. 
My reason robbed of power by yielding ear. 
My fond opinions slave to every toy. 

O Love 1 thou guide in my uncertain way, 

Woe to thy bow, thy fire, the cause of my decay. 

Et jlorida pungunt. 

When the king had read this sonnet he highly commended 
the device of the shepherd, that could so wittily wrap his 
passions in a shadow, and so covertly conceal that which 
bred his chiefest discontent; affirming, that as the least 
shrubs have their tops, the smallest hairs their shadows, 
so the meanest swains had their fancies, and in their kind 
were as chary of love as a king. Whetted on with this 
device, he took the second and read it : the effects were 
these : 

MoNTANUs' SECOND SoNNET 

When the Dog 
Full of rage. 

With his ireful eyes 

Frowns amidst the skies, 



154 ROSALYNDE, OR 

The shepherd, to assuage 

The fury of the heat, 

Himself doth safely seat 
By a fount 
Full of fair, 

Where a gentle breath, 

Mounting from beneath, 
Tempereth the air. 
There his flocks 
Drink their fill, 

And with ease repose. 

Whilst sweet sleep doth close 
Eyes from toilsome ill. 
But I burn 
Without rest. 

No defensive power 

Shields from Phoebe's lour ; 
Sorrow is my best. 
Gentle Love, 
Lour no more ; 

If thou wilt invade 

In the secret shade. 
Labour not so sore. 
I myself 
And my flocks. 

They their love to please, 

1 myself to ease. 
Both leave the shady oaks ; 

Content to burn in fire, 

Sith Love doth so desire. 

Et jlorida putigtint. 

Gerismond, seeing the pithy vein of those sonnets, began 
to make further inquiry what he was. Whereupon Rosader 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 155 

discoursed unto him the love of Montanus to Phoebe, his great 
loyalty and her deep cruelty, and how in revenge the gods 
had made the curious nymph amorous of young Ganymede. 
Upon this discourse the king was desirous to see Phoebe, 
who being brought before Gerismond by Rosader, shadowed 
the beauty of her face with such a vermilion teinture, that 
the king^s eyes began to dazzle at the purity of her excellence. 
After Gerismond had fed his looks awhile upon her fair, 
he questioned with her why she rewarded Montanus' love 
with so little regard, seeing his deserts were many, and his 
passions extreme. Phoebe, to make reply to the king's 
demand, answered thus : 

* Love, sir, is charity in his laws, and whatsoever he sets 
down for justice, be it never so unjust, the sentence cannot 
be reversed ; women's fancies lend favours not ever by desert, 
but as they are enforced by their desires ; for fancy is 
tied to the wings of fate, and what the stars decree, stands 
for an infallible doom. I know Montanus is wise, and 
women's ears are greatly delighted with wit, as hardly escap- 
ing the charm of a pleasant tongue, as Ulysses the melody of 
the Sirens. Montanus is beautiful, and women's eyes are 
snared in the excellence of objects, as desirous to feed their 
looks with a fair face, as the bee to suck on a sweet flower. 
Montanus is wealthy, and an ounce of give me persuades a 
woman more than a pound of hear me. Danae was won 
with a golden shower, when she could not be gotten with all 
the entreaties of Jupiter. I tell you, sir, the string of a 



156 ROSALYNDE, OR 

woman's heart reacheth to the pulse of her hand ; and let a 
man rub that with gold, and 'tis hard but she will prove his 
heart's gold. Montanus is young, a great clause in fancy's 
court ; Montanus is virtuous, the richest argument that love 
yields ; and yet knowing all these perfections, I praise them 
and wonder at them, loving the qualities, but not affecting 
the person, because the destinies have set down a contrary 
censure. Yet Venu';, to add revenge, hath given me wine of 
the same grape, a sip of the same sauce, and firing me with 
the like passion, hath crossed me with as ill a penance ; for I 
am in love with a shepherd's swain, as coy to me as I am 
cruel to Montanus, as peremptory in disdain as I was perverse 
in desire ; and that is,' quoth she, * Aliena's page, young 
Ganymede.' 

Gerismond, desirous to prosecute the end of these passions, 
called in Ganymede, who, knowing the case, came in graced 
with such a blush, as beautified the crystal of his face with 
a ruddy brightness. The king noting well the physnomy of 
Ganymede, began by his favours to call to mind the face of 
his Rosalynde, and with that fetched a deep sigh. Rosader, 
that was passing familiar with Gerismond, demanded of him 
why he sighed so sore. 

* Because Rosader,' quoth he, * the favour of Ganymede 
puts me in mind of Rosalynde.' 

At this word Rosader sighed so deeply, as though his 
heart would have burst. 

*And what's the matter,' quoth Gerismond, 'that you 
quite me with such a sigh ? ' 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 157 

* Pardon me, sir/ quoth Rosader, ' because I love none 
but Rosalynde.' 

*And upon that condition,' quoth Gerismond, * that 
Rosalynde were here, I would this day make up a marriage 
betwixt her and thee.' 

At this Aliena turned her head and smiled upon Ganymede, 
and she could scarce keep countenance. Yet she salved all 
with secrecy ; and Gerismond, to drive away his dumps, 
questioned with Ganymede, what the reason was he 
regarded not Phoebe's love, seeing she was as fair as the 
wanton that brought Troy to ruin. Ganymede mildly 
answered : 

< If I should affect the fair Phoebe, I should offer poor 
Montanus great wrong to win that from him in a moment, 
that he hath laboured for so many months. Yet have I 
promised to the beautiful shepherdess to wed myself never 
to woman except unto her ; but with this promise, that if I 
can by reason suppress Phoebe's love towards me, she shall 
like of none but of Montanus.' 

« To that,' quoth Phoebe, * I stand ; for my love is so far 
beyond reason, as will admit no persuasion of reason.' 

' For justice,' quoth he, < I appeal to Gerismond.' 

* And to his censure will I stand,' quoth Phoebe. 

* And in your victory,' quoth Montanus, * stands the hazard 
of my fortunes ; for if Ganymede go away with conquest, 
Montanus is in conceit love's monarch ; if Phoebe win, then 
am I in effect most miserable.' 

* We will see this controversy/ quoth Gerismond, * and then 



158 ROSALYNDE, OR 

we will to church. Therefore, Ganymede, let us hear your 
argument. ' 

* Nay, pardon my absence a while,' quoth she, * and you 
shall see one in store.' 

In went Ganymede and dressed herself in woman's attire, 
having on a gown of green, with kirtle of rich sendal, so 
quaint, that she seemed Diana triumphing in the forest ; 
upon her head she wore a chaplet of roses, which gave her 
such a grace that she looked like Flora perked in the pride of 
all her flowers. Thus attired came Rosalynde in, and presented 
herself at her father's feet, with her eyes full of tears, crav- 
ing his blessing, and discoursing unto him all her fortunes, 
how she was banished by Torismond, and how ever since 
she lived in that country disguised. 

Gerismond, seeing his daughter, rose from his seat and fell 
upon her neck, uttering the passions of his joy in watery 
plaints, driven into such an ecstasy of content, that he could 
not utter one word. At this sight, if Rosader was both 
amazed and joyful, I refer myself to the judgment of such 
as have experience in love, seeing his Rosalynde before his 
face whom so long and deeply he had affected. At last 
Gerismond recovered his spirits, and in most fatherly 
terms entertained his daughter Rosalynde, after many 
questions demanding of her what had passed between her 
and Rosader ? 

* So much, sir,' quoth she, * as there wants nothing but 
your grace to make up the marriage.' 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 159 

< Why, then,' quoth Gerismond, * Rosader take her : she 
is thine, and let this day solemnize both thy brother's and thy 
nuptials.' Rosader beyond measure content, humbly thanked 
the king, and embraced his Rosalynde, who turning to Phoebe, 
demanded if she had shown sufficient reason to suppress the 
force of her loves. 

* Yea,' quoth Phoebe, ' and so great a persuasive, that if it 
please you, madame, and Aliena to give us leave, Montanus 
and I will make this day the third couple in marriage.' 

She had no sooner spake this word, but Montanus threw 
away his garland of willow, his bottle, where was painted 
despair, and cast his sonnets in the fire, showing himself 
as frolic as Paris when he handselled his love with Helena. 
At this Gerismond and the rest smiled, and concluded that 
Montanus and Phoebe should keep their wedding with the 
two brethren. Aliena seeing Saladyne stand in a dump, to 
wake him from his dream began thus : 

* Why how now, my Saladyne, all amort ? what melancholy, 
man, at the day of marriage ? Perchance thou art sorrowful 
to think on thy brother's high fortunes, and thine own base 
desires to choose so mean a shepherdess. Cheer up thy 
heart, man ; for this day thou shalt be married to the daughter 
of a king ; for know, Saladyne, I am not Aliena, but Alinda, 
the daughter of thy mortal enemy Torismond.' 

At this all the company was amazed, especially Geris- 
mond, who rising up, took Alinda in his arms, and said to 
Rosalynde : 



i6o ROSALYNDE, OR 

* Is this that fair Alinda famous for so many virtues, that 
forsook her father's court to live with thee exiled in the 
country ? ' 

« The same/ quoth Rosalynde. 

* Then/ quoth Gerismond, turning to Saladyne, * jolly 
forester be frolic, for thy fortunes are great, and thy 
desires excellent ; thou hast got a princess as famous for 
her perfection, as exceeding in proportion.' 

* And she hath with lier beauty won,' quoth Saladyne, < an 
humble servant, as full of faith as she of amiable favour.' 

While every one was amazed with these comical events, 
Corydon came skipping in, and told them that the priest 
was at church, and tarried for their coming. With that 
Gerismond led the way, and the rest followed ; where to the 
admiration of all the country swains in Arden their marriages 
were solemnly solemnized. As soon as the priest had finished 
home they went with Alinda, where Corydon had made all 
things in readiness. Dinner was provided, and the tables 
being spread, and the brides set down by Gerismond, 
Rosader, Saladyne, and Montanus that day were servitors ; 
homely cheer they had, such as their country could afford, 
but to mend their fare they had mickle good chat, and many 
discourses of their loves and fortunes. About mid-dinner, to 
make them merry, Corydon came in with an old crowd, and 
played them a fit of mirth, to which he sung this pleasant 
song : 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY i6i 



Corydon's Song 

A blithe and bonny country lass, 

heigh ho, the bonny lass 1 
Sate sighing on the tender grass 

and weeping said, will none come woo her. 
A smicker boy, a lither swain, 

heigh ho, a smicker swain ! 
That in his love was wanton fain, 

with smiling looks straight came unto her. 

Whenas the wanton wench espied, 

heigh ho, when she espied 1 
The means to make herself a bride, 

she simpered smooth like Bonnybell : 
The swain, that saw her squint-eyed kind, 

heigh ho, squint-eyed kind 1 
His arms about her body twined, 

and : ' Fair lass, how fare ye, well ? ' 

The country kit said : ' Well, forsooth, 

heigh ho, well forsooth I 
But that I have a longing tooth, 

a longing tooth that makes me cry.' 
« Alas 1' said he, ' what gars thy grief? 

heigh ho, what gars thy grief?* 
<A wound,' quoth she, 'without relief, 

I fear a maid that I shall die.' 
' If that be all,' the shepherd said, 

heigh ho, the shepherd said 1 
' He make thee wive it gentle maid, 

and so recure thy malady.' 

M 



i62 ROSALYNDE, OR 

Hereon they kissed with many an oath, 

heigh ho, with many an oath 1 
And fore God Pan did plight their troth, 

and to the church they hied them fast. 
And God send every pretty peat, 

heigh ho, the pretty peat 1 
That fears to die of this conceit, 

so kind a friend to help at last. 

Coiydon having thus made them merry, as they were in 
the midst of their jollity, word was brought in to Saladyne 
and Rosader that a brother of theirs, one Fernandyne, was 
ariived, and desired to speak with them. Gerismond over- 
hearing this news, demanded who it was. 

* It is, sir,' quoth Rosader, * our middle brother, that lives 
a scholar in Paris ; but what fortune hath driven him to seek 
us out I know not.' 

With that Saladyne went and met his brother, whom he 
welcomed with all courtesy, and Rosader gave him no less 
friendly entertainment ; brought he was by his two brothers 
into the parlour where they all sate at dinner. Fernandyne, 
as one that knew as many manners as he could points of 
sophistry, and was as well brought up as well lettered, saluted 
them all. But when he espied Gerismond, kneeling on his 
knee he did him what reverence belonged to his estate, and 
with that burst forth into these speeches : 

* Although, right mighty prince, this day of my brother's 
marriage be a day of mirth, yet time craves another course ; 
and therefore from dainty cates rise to sharp weapons. And 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 163 

you, the sons of Sir John of Bordeaux, leave off your 
amours and fall to arms ; change your loves into lances, and 
now this day show yourselves as valiant as hitherto you have 
been passionate. For know, Gerismond, that hard by at 
the edge of this forest the twelve peers of France are up in 
arms to recover thy right ; and Torismond, trooped with a 
crew of desperate runagates, is ready to bid them battle. 
The armies are ready to join ; therefore show thyself in 
the field to encourage thy subjects. And you, Saladyne and 
Rosader, mount you, and show yourselves as hardy soldiers 
as you have been hearty lovers ; so shall you, for the benefit of 
your country, discover the idea of your father's virtues to be 
stamped in your thoughts, and prove children worthy of so 
honourable a parent.' 

At this alarm, given him by Fernandyne, Gerismond 
leaped from the board, and Saladyne and Rosader betook 
themselves to their weapons. 

*Nay,' quoth Gerismond, *go with me; I have horse 
and armour for us all, and then, being well mounted, let us 
show that we carry revenge and honour at our falchions' 
points.' 

Thus they leave the brides full of sorrow, especially 
Alinda, who desired Gerismond to be good to her father. 
He, not returning a word because his haste was great, hied 
him home to his lodge, where he delivered Saladyne and 
Rosader horse and armour, and himself armed royally led the 
way ; not having ridden two leagues before they discovered 



i64 ROSALYNDE, OR 

where in a valley both the battles were joined. Gerismond 
seeing the wing wherein the peers fought, thrust in there, and 
cried * Saint Denis! ' Gerismond laying on such load upon his 
enemies, that he showed how highly he did estimate of a crown. 
When the peers perceived that their lawful king was there, they 
grew more eager ; and Saladyne and Rosader so behaved 
themselves, that none durst stand in their way, nor abide the 
fury of their weapons. To be short, the peers were con- 
querors, Torismond's army put to flight, and himself slain in 
battle. The peers then gathered themselves together, and 
saluted their king, conducted him royally into Paris, where he 
was received with great joy of all the citizens. As soon as 
all was quiet and he had received again the crown, he sent 
for Alinda and Rosalynde to the court, Alinda being very 
passionate for the death of her father, yet brooking it with the 
more patience, in that she was contented with the welfare 
of her Saladyne. 

Well, as soon as they were come to Paris, Gerismond 
made a royal feast for the peers and lords of his land, 
which continued thirty days, in which time summoning a 
parliament, by the consent of his nobles he created Rosader 
heir apparent to the kingdom ; he restored Saladyne to all 
his father's land and gave him the Dukedom of Nameurs ; 
he made Fernandyne principal secretary to himself; and that 
fortune might every way seem frolic, he made Montanus 
lord over all the forest of Arden, Adam Spencer Captain of 
the King's Guard, and Corydon master of Alinda's flocks. 



EUPHUES' GOLDEN LEGACY 165 

HERE, gentlemen, may you see in Euphues' Golden 
Legacy, that such as neglect their fathers' precepts, incur 
much prejudice ; that division in nature, as it is a blemish in 
nurture, so 'tis a breach of good fortunes ; that virtue is not 
measured by birth but by action ; that younger brethren, 
though inferior in years, yet may be superior to honours ; 
that concord is the sweetest conclusion, and amity betwixt 
brothers more forceable than fortune. If you gather any 
fruits by this Legacy, speak well of Euphues for writing it, 
and me for fetching it. If you grace me with that favour, 
you encourage me to be more forward ; and as soon as I have 
overlooked my labours, expect the Sailor's Calendar. 

T. Lodge. 



FINIS 



TEXTUAL NOTES 

I HAVE recorded in these notes all the variants between the 
two earliest editions, those namely of 1590 and 1592. The 
first edition affords a very correct text, and except for the 
correction of a few obvious misprints, usually retained in the 
second, there are barely half-a-dozen cases, exclusive of 
Latin quotations, in which I have departed from its readings. 
On the other hand there are just a very few alterations in 
the second edition which suggest that they may be due to 
the author, and it therefore seemed advisable to give the 
variations in full. None of the later editions appear to 
possess independent authority. In a solitary instance where 
both T590 and 1592 are corrupt I have inserted a form 
of a word found in that of 1598 in preference to that now 
current, but only because it occurs elsewhere in the earlier 
texts. 

P. xxvi, 1. S' T. L. G. i.e. Thomas Lodge, Gentleman. 

1. 21. and after falling 1590 : and afterivards falling 
1592. 

P. xxviii, 11. 10, II. Tour Honours souldier humbly affec- 
tionate 1590 : Tour honors souldior most humbly affectionate 
1592. 

P. XXX. Although an integral part of the composition, 
without which neither the title-page nor the epilogue (p. 
165) is intelligible, this * Schedule ' appears to have been 
first printed in the edition of 1592. 

167 



i68 TEXTUAL NOTES 

P. I, 1. 19. map of age 1590: map of his age 1592. 

P. 3, 1. 3. ingrauen as ivell the excellence 1590 : ingraued 
as ivell the excellency 1592. 

1. 21. that surpass e in blackness e 1 590: that exceed in 
hlachnes 1592. 

1. 23. stumble vppon stones I590' stumble vpon the stones 
1592. 

P. 4, 1. 3. tenere 1 590 : tenuere 1592. 

I. 7. high stretcht 1 590: high stretch 1592. 

1. 23. isoft hid the most trecherie 1 590 : is oft hid most 
trechery 1592. 

1. 26. let time be touchstone i 590 : let time be the touchstone 
1592. 

P. 5, 1. 2. that is an extreame 1590: that is extreme 
1592. 

1. 13. deadly desires i 590 : deadly destres 1592. 

1. 20. mitie eyes dimme 1590: mine eyes ivaxeth dimme 
1592. 

P. 7, 1. 9. be thy gaine 1 590: be your gaine 1592. 

1. 16. Lillies are f aire in sheiu, but foule in smell. 
It almost looks as though this was the origin of the famous 
line : * Lillies that fester, smell far worse then weeds,' in 
Shakespeare's Sonnets (94, 1. 14), and in Edivard III, 

II. i. 451. 

1. 25. thy . . . thee 1590 : your . . . you 1592. 

1. 26. befriend him thou agen 159O: befriend you him agen 
1592. 

1. 28. from out thy hiue 1590 : from out the hiue 1592. 

1. 30. my Sonne I 590 : my sonnes 1592. 

P. 8, 1. 2. thy . , . thy 1 590 : your . . . your 1592. 

1. 17. Horace, £pist. i. 10. 24. Both 1590 and 1592 
wrongly insert licet after furca. 



TEXTUAL NOTES 169 

I. 18. So fared it 1590: So fares it 1592. 

P. 9, 1. 17. the careless e mine of thy brothers ivelfare ? 
ivhy shouldst not thou bee the piller of thy brothers prosperitie 
1590 : the carelesse mine of thy brothers prosperitie 1592. 

P. I I, 1. 10. Ah quoth he 1590 : As quoth hee 1592. 

P. 21, 1. 17. Troian 1590-2. This might of course stand 
for < Trojan,* but cf. p. 133, 1. 24. 

P. 23, 1. 17, ivhat they wanted in meate, Rosader supplied 
with drinke 1 590 : what they wanted in meaty was supply ed 
with drinke 1592. 

1. 21. all tooke their leaues of Rosader 1590: all tooke their 
leaue of Rosader 1592. 

P. 25, 1. 18. to thinke of lone 1 5 90: to thinhe on Loue 
1592. 

P. 26, 1. 8. sooner content with a dram of giue me, than a 
pound of heare me 1590: sooner content with a pound of giue 
me, than a dram of heare me 1592. 

P. 29 (side note), in defence of fair e Rosalynde 1 590: 
in Defence of Rosalynde 1592. 

P. 31, 1. 21. if he refused to doo, either 1590: if he refused, 
eyther 1592. 

P. 34, 1. 20. and Alinda {^from her royall weedes) put her 
selfe in more homelie attire. Thus jilted to the purpose, away 
goe these two friends, hauing now changed their names, Alinda 
being called Aliena 159O : and Alinda being called Aliena 1592. 

P. 38, 1. I. Before this 1592 inserts another stanza made 
up of the first two lines of the fourth and the last four of the 
third. 

P. 40, I. 20. by Phcebes bitter scorne 1590: by Phcebus 
bitter scorn 1592. 

P. 45, 1. 8. Call home thy Jloches in time I 590 : Call home 
thy flocks betime 1592. 



lyo TEXTUAL NOTES 

I. II. In amove hac omnia insunt vitia i^^O'. In amore hac 
insunt vitia 1592. 

II. 11-13. Terence, Ennuchusy 1. i. 15. The correct 
reading is : 

In amore haec omnia insunt vitia ; iniuriae, 

Suspitiones, inimicitiae, induciae, 

Bellum, pax rursum. Incerta haec si tu postules 

Ratione certa facere ; nihilo plus agas, 

Quam si des operam, ut cum ratione insanias. 

P. 46, 1. 23. so dangerous a for rest I 590 : so dangerous 
forest 1592. 

P. 47, 1. 25. exceede not in diet I 590 : exceed not ill dyet 

p. 49, 1. I. Cupid requires 1590: Cupid re quireth 1592. 

1. 9. in her heart 1590: in heart 1592. 

P. 51, I. 27. Coridon swept a harga\j~\ne I 590 : Coridon 
snvapt a bargaine 1592. The word should most likely be 
sivapped or swopped, but I am by no means sure that swept is 
an impossible form. 

P. 52, 1. 13. surprised his brother beeing a sleep e 1590: 
surprised his brother when he ivas a sleepe 1592. 

^* 57> ^' 5* ^^S^^ ^rx/ to faint 1 590: began to faint 
1592. 

1. 12, for a few faire flowers 1590: for a fewe flowers 
1592. 

P. 59, 1. 7. he rise vp 1590: he rose vp 1592. 

P. 60, 1. 3. wisht Adam Spencer 1590: wisht A. Spencer 
1592. 

I. 24. to such men as are 1590 : to suche as are 1592. 

P. 61, 1. 9. but be Lord of the feast 1 590 : but the lord of 
the feast 1592. 



TEXTUAL NOTES 171 

P. 62, I. 2. discourse, {jf it ivere not 1590: discourse, {^as 
it IV ere not 1592. 

P. 63, 1. 5. affections hetiueene AUnda and her 1 5 90: 
affections betwixt AUnda and her 1592. 

1. 10. This newes driue the King 1590-2. Here d/foe 
may, of course, be a misprint for drove (or drave, the 
reading of 1598, which I have substituted in the text), 
though it is perhaps more likely that Lodge has got confused 
both as to number and tense. I do not think that drive is a 
possible form of the preterite, the only recorded instance of 
its use as such being about two centuries earlier. 

P. 66, 1. 5. since as the one is knoiven 1590 : since that the 
one is knoavne 1592. 

1. 9. the larhe of a Myrtle tree 1590 : the lark of a Mir 
tre 1592. 

P. 70, 1. 8. then doo me that fauour 1 590 : then doo that 
fauour 1592. 

P. 72, 1. 17. if not as comely, it may be more curtcous I 590 : 
if not as comely, as courteous 1592. 

P. 73, 1. 7. leaving AUena and Ganimede to their 
prittle prattle 1590: leauing them to their prittle prattle 

1592. 

P. 74, 1. 7. for cutting in by intreats 1590; for entring in 
by intreats 1593. 

P. 78, 1. 26. i^quoth Ganimede^ 1590-2. An obvious 
error for [quoth Rosader)» 

P. 83, 1. 15. Loue then in euerie flower is found 1590: 
Loue then euery flour e is found 1592. 

P. 84, 1. 10. Tis not her frowardnesse 159O : Tis neither 
frowardnesse 1592. 

P. 85, 1. 8. out of this amorous melancholic 1590: out of 
his amorous melancholy 1592. 



172 TEXTUAL NOTES 

P. 86, 1. II. Or 'what or thoughts 1590: Or nvhat our 
thoughts 1592. 

I. 1 9. All pale in lookes, and I though young In yeares i 590-2 . 
Being unable to make any sense of the line as it stands, I 
have ventured on what seems an obvious emendation (reading 
am for and). 

P. 88, 1. 2. than ante luooll more softer 1590: that any 
ivooll more softer 1592. 

P. 89, 1. 7. And restlesse horror I 590 : And retchless horror 
1592. 

P. 90, 1. 2. iumpt I not all vp 1590: iumpe I not all vp 
1592. 

P. 94, 1. 20. for either he must resolue 1590 : for he must 
eyther resolue 1592. 

P. 96, 1. 2. and yet the most hardiest 1590 ; and the most 
hardiest i 592. 

P. 97, 1. 4. at the sodayne sight of so monstrous a beast lie 
slaine by him 1590 : at the sudden sight of so monstrous a beast 
lying slaine by him 1592. The reading of the earlier edition 
(which being quite impossible I have ventured to alter) was 
presumably due to a confusion of construction. 

P. 98, 1. 3. I counted it the hart of a resolute man 1590 : / 
counted it the part of a resolute man 1592. I am a little 
doubtful whether the earlier reading is actually a misprint, 
but the later gives such obviously better sense that I have 
adopted it. 

1- 8. thy present fortunes I 59O : thy present misfortunes 1592. 

P. 99, 1. 17. teares from mine eyes 1590: tears from my 
eyes 1592. 

P. 102, 1. 17. thus should it be 1590: thus it should be 
1592. 

p. 103, 1. 14. hauing Loue in her heart 15 90: hauing 
Loue in heart I 592. 



TEXTUAL NOTES 173 

P. 105, 1. 12. tuere in this sad talk 1 590 : 'were in sad 
talke 1592. 

P. 106, 1. 20. relieue our fortunes, as ive holde you valiant, 
so ive esteeme you courteous, and to haue 1590: relieue our 
fortunes, ^ to haue 1592. 

P. 1 10, 1. 9. might he subjects to fancie 1 590 : might be 
s ubject to fancy i$^2. 

1. 19. but for all these vertues 1 590 : and for all these 
vertues 1592. 

P. 112, 1. 21. that like loue in no shape 1 590 : that like 
loue in no shape 1592. 

P. 113,11. 7-1 1. Horace, 6'«//r<? J-, ii. 3,94. 1590 and 
1592 read wrongly : < quas qui constrinxerit ille Clarus erit, 
fortis, iustus, sapiens, etiam & rex.' 

P. 114, 1. 16. the foldes of my fare I 590: the foldes of my 
face 1592. The earlier reading can hardly be anything but a 
misprint. 

P. 115, 1. II. you and Ganimede but to nvalke 1 590: you 
and Ganimede to ivalke 1592. 

P. 119, 1. I. Which made the Gods forsake 1 590: Which 
make the Gods forsake 1592. 

1. 16. thou regardest not my ?naladie 1590: thou regardest 
not thy maladie 1592. 

P. 120, 1. 4. my face may decypher the sorrotues 159O: 
my face may discouer the sorronvs 1592. 

P. 121, 1. 6. your market may be made 1590 : your market 
can be made 1592. 

1. 15. thou shalt Hue by losse 1590: thou shalt but Hue by 
losse 1 592. 

P. 124, 1. 15. your selues can desire, or I imagine I 590 : 
your selues can desire^ or imagine 1592. 

P. 125, 1. 2. that cur mishap might salue his maladie 1590 : 
that your mishap might salue his malady 1592. 



174 TEXTUAL NOTES 

P. 126, 1. 4. discouer her secrete aphorismes 159O: dis- 
couer our secret aphorismes 1592, 

P. 128, 11. 3-4. Ovid, Remedia Amoris, 139-40. 

P. 130, 1. 3. ivords as pretudiciall as the charmes of Circes 
1 590 : nvords are pretudiciall as the charmes of Circes 
1592. 

1. 14. pearch ivith the Kistresse 1590-2. No doubt a 
misprint for kistrelle or kestrel, no such form as that in the old 
editions being otherwise recorded. 

P. 136, 1. 6. / lotie thee at the first looke 1590: / loued 
thee at the first looke 1592. 

P. 140, 1. 15. Both 1590 and 1592 misprint Bellephoron 
for Bellerophon. 

P. 141, 1. 18. of so deepc a distresse 1590: of so deepe 
distresse 1592. 

I. 20. entangled her affection i 590 : int angled her affections 
1592. 

1. 23. heautie to content thine eye 1 590 : beauty to please 
thine eye 1592. 

P. 142,1. 27. I ivill home by our house 1590-2. Possibly 
1 598 is right in reading to our house. 

P. 143, 1. 21. and ivresteth the ivealth of nature 1 590: 
and lures ts the <wcalth of nature I 592. 

P. 144, 1. 22. Festina Lente I 590: Festina Lenter 1592. 

1. 23. fancies are oft times the fruit es i 590 : fancies are 
often times the fruits 1592. 

P. 145, 1. 23. froivardnesse toivard the Shepheard 1590 : 
froivardnesse toivards the shepheard 1592. 

P. 146, 1. 14. tooke his leaue of his Phcebe 1590 : toohe his 
leaue of Phoebe I 592. 

P. 1 48, 1. 14. avanting to this marriage 1590: ivanting to 
his marriage I 592. 



TEXTUAL NOTES 175 

P. 151, 1. 23. sucking their full 15 90: sucking their Jill 
1592. 

P. 152, 1. 3, for being so mean, to p. 1 61, 1. 27, heigh ho 
the shrp ':eard said. Sheet R is wanting in the only known 
copy of 1590. For this portion, therefore, we have to rely 
on 1592 alone. 

P. 155, 1. 13. Loue (sir) is chari.'ie in hts lanves 1590-2. 
I have no doubt that charitie is a corruption (perhaps for 
some legal term), but I cannot see that Collier's suggestion 
charie helps matters. 

P. 161. Corydon's Song is imitated from Spenser's 
* Bonnybell ' ballad in the Shepherd^ s Calendar (viii. 11. 53, 
etc.) which explains the name in 1. 13. The old editions 
print four eight-line stanzas and a quatrain. I have made 
the third stanza consist of twelve lines and the fourth of 
eight, on account of the rimes. 

I. 5. and aveeping said, nvill none come luoo me? 1592. I 
have ventured to alter me to her in order to restore the rime. 
The direct has evidently been somehow substituted for the 
indirect question. Possibly we should also read would for tuiil. 

P. 162, 11. 1-2. a oath 1590-2. This I have ventured to 
alter. 

II. 3-4. This extraordinary mixture of mythologies is also 
borrowed from Spenser, who supplied a notable example in 
the line : * She raignes a goddesse now emong the saintes ' 
[Shep, Cal. xi. 175). 

P. 163, 1. 4. sheiv your selues as -valiant , as hethertoo you 
haue been passionate 1590: sheiv your selues valiint, as hitherto 
you haue been passionate 1592. 

P. 164, 1. 3. cried Saint Denis, Gerismond laying on 1590: 
cryed S. Denis, laying on T592. 

P. 165, 1. 13. T. Lodge 1590: Th. Lodge 1592. 



GLOSSARIAL INDEX 



Note. — The words in this glossary fall into three groups : 
(i) common Elizabethan words and forms which may be 
unfamiliar to modern readers ; (ii) rare words, forms and 
uses for which illustrative quotations are often desired ; (iii) 
words and names belonging to the Euphuistic vocabulary, 
and also proverbial phrases, to which references are useful. 
I have indexed the second group rather carefully since the 
vagueness of the references given makes me suspect that 
Rosalynde was not read for the Neiv English Dictionary. 



A-BREWiNG, in preparation, 

148 
Achilles' lance, 140 
AcoNiTON, aconite, 151 
AcoNiTUM, aconite, 68 
Activity, feats of strength. 

Adamant (as magnet), 5 ; 

(as hard), 36, 135 
Admiration, wonder, 20 
Affects, affections, 150 
Agate, i i 3 
A-late, lately, 109 
All amort, * a la mort,' 

dead, dull, 159 
Alongst, along, 146 



Amated, daunted, 1 1 5 
Amazed, frightened, 17 
Ambages, beating about the 

bush, 94 ; circumlocutions, 

129 
Amorets, amorettiy loves, 

allurements, 1 7 ; love 

poems, 81 
Amort, see All amort 
Ants, 77 
Apelles, a .Greek painter, 

XXX 

Apis Indica, 139 
Approve, feel, 1 18 
Archelaus, probably the 
pupil of Anaxagoras, xxx 
77 N 



178 



GLOSSARIAL INDEX 



Arden, Ardennes, i6, 31, 

56, etc. 
Arede, advice, 41 
Argus, 130 
Attaint, touch, 36 
AuGURiSM, augury, 92 
AuTHENTiCAL, authoritativc, 

10, 128 

AviCEN, 9 

Awake, waking, 97 

Baaran leaf, 4 
Bain, bathe, 79, 83 
Bale, evil, 25 
Baleful, evil, 25 
Balsamum, balm, 96 
Bash, be abashed, 10 1 
Bavin, faggot, 6 
Become, suit (of a person), 

34 
Bee, 129 

Bellerophon, 140 
Bewray, reveal, 2, etc. 
Bezo les labres, salutation 

(I kiss your lips), 15 
Biares, presumably an error 

for Briareus, 6 
Bird, * one bird in the hand 

is worth two in the wood,' 

Black ox, misfortune (in 
proverbial phrase), 34 



Blended, dazzled, deluded, 

118 
Blooms, blossoms, 58 
Blubbered, spoke weeping, 

145 
Bonnet, cap, 48, 149 
Bowse, drink deeply (the 

same as * booze '), 130 
Bowseth, in the sense of 
bathes or dips. Probably 
an unusual, or erroneous, 
application of the word, 
current as a hawking term 
with the meaning of drink- 
ing frequently and much. 
It may however have 
some relation to the word 
*bowssen,' to duck, from 
Cornish ' beuzi,' to im- 
merse, drown, 79 
Bright, brightness, 37 
Bruited, noised, rumoured, 

134 
Bunch, pack of cards, 12 
Buttery, store - room, pro- 
perly for liquor, 23 

Camilla, wife of Philautus 
in Euphues (q. v. ), xxx 

Carbuncle, 99, 114 

Carew (or more correctly 
Carey), Edmund and 



GLOSSARIAL INDEX 



179 



Robert, younger sons of 
Lord Hunsdon, xxvii 
Cassender, presumably Cas- 
sander, a Greek astrologer, 

XXX 

Gates, acates, victuals, 12, 

91, 102, etc. 
Caul, netted cap, 17 
Cedar, 25 
Censure, (i) opinion, (ii) 

doom ; also as a vb., to 

pronounce an opinion or a 

sentence, 31, 141, 142, 

etc. 
Chameleon, 56 
Chamlet, camlet, a rich stuff 

of silk and wool, 149 
Chary, careful, 153 
Checked up, stopped (cf. 

<to pull up,') 30 
Checkmate, equal, 10 
Chrysocoll, 95 (cf. p. 201) 
Chrysolite, 83 
Circes, Circe, 130, 141 
Clarke, Captain, xxvii 
Clear, brightness, 70 
Clytia, an Oceanid (Ovid, 

Metam. iv. 256), 143 
Contemplate in, 79 
Convented, met, 14 
Cooling card, the phrase is 

said to be a peculiarity of 



Lodge*s, but occurs not 
infrequently elsewhere, 12 

Copy, instance, 104 

Cornel, grain, 90 

Could, knew, 162 

Countercheck, oppose, with- 
stand, frustrate, 100, 109 

Course, *qualities of 
course,' ordinary qualities, 
26 

Coy, conceited, 12 

Crab, 64, 139 

Crowd, fiddle, 160 

Cumber, encumbrance, 128 

CuRTAL-AXE, a corrupt form 
of * cutlass,' xxix 

Cut AGAINST THE HAIR, do 

anything against the grain, 
141 

Damosel, damsel, 14, 46, 

etc. 
Daphne, 74 
Deciiher, recount, 30 
Deer, 64 
Delicates, delicacies, 23, 

etc. 
Demophoon, 38 
Despite, disdain, 137 
Devoir, duty, 1 19 
Diamond, 51, 69, 76 
Discoverent, revealing, 127 



8o 



GLOSSARIAL INDEX 

exposed, off 



Discovert, 
guard, 24 
Disdain, sorrow, humility ( ? ) , 

38 

Disparage, damage, 97 
DissiMULED, simulated, 22 
DisTAiN, stain, detract from, 

DfSTEMPERATURE, disease, 

134 

Dog, dog-star, 153 

Door, see Wind 

Drave, drove, 19, 54, 61, 

etc. 
Drunk, drank, 47 
DuiMP, melancholy fit, 103, 

1 10 ; musing, 159 
Dumps, meditation, 11, 75 

Elleborus, hellebore, xxx 
Entreats, entreaties, 74 
EuPHUES, the hero of the 
novel by John Lyly 
(1579), XXV, xxix, xxx, 

165 

Exhort, exhortation, 96 
Exigent, pressing need, 33, 

121 
Extreme, extremely, 134 
Extremes, extremity, 62 

Faculty, property, 76 



Fain, obliged, 53 ; longing, 

161 

Faintful, fainting, 40 
Fair, beauty, 71, 130, 154, 

False - semblance, deceit 
(personified), 118 

Famosed, rendered famous, 
1 1 

Famous, render famous, i 5 

Fancies, affections, 144 

Fancy, love (sb. and vb.), 
48, 78, 83, etc. 

Farther (vb.), further, 
advance, 1 20 

Fautor, supporter, xxvii, 6 

Fere, companion, 116 

Fetch, trick, stratagem, 142 

Filbert tree, 82 

Fish, * would suffer no fish 
to hang on his fingers,* re- 
fused all encumbrance (?), 
144 

Fist, * flew to the fist,'- 
hawking term, 81 

Fleas in their ears, dis- 
quieting agitation, 1 1 1 

Flies, 77 

Folds in, encircles, 1 7 

Folds of my face, wrinkles, 
114 (cf. * furrows of thy 
face,' 58) 



GLOSSARIAL INDEX 



i8i 



Fop, foolish person, 1 1 1 

Force, * of force,* neces- 
sarily, xxvii 

Forefinger kiss, blown kiss, 
126 

FoRTHY, therefore, 41 

Fortune (her emblem), 57 

Frame, manner, 42 

Free (horse), noble (?), 15 

Friends, befriends, 7 

Front, forehead, 133 

Froward, untoward, 49, etc. 

Funerals, funeral rites, 6 

Galatea (and Polyphemus, 

see Theocritus, Idyl vi), 

116 
Galen, 10 
Gars, causes, 161 
Gat, got, 1 5 

Giglot, loose woman, 109 
Give, < my mind gives me,' 

inform, 60 
Gladded, gladdened, 48 
Glance at, make fun of, 

tease, 138 
Glide, course, 37 
Greet, weep, 40 

Halcyones, birds, 3 I 

Halfpenny, < your heart on 
your halfpenny,* to have 



a particular object in view, 
12 
Hamper, entangle, con- 
strain, 107 
Handselled, sealed, con- 
cluded, inaugurated, i 59 
Handy, manual, 1 1 2 
Hap, fortune, 42 
Happily, perhaps, 103 
Haste, * he is in haste 
whom the devil drives,' 

75 

Herehault, herald, 63 

Hery, praise, 41, 43 

Hobby, a species of small 
falcon (xxvii), 3, 139 

HoBY (or Hobby), Sir 
Edward, son of Sir 
Thomas, the translator of 
the Cortegianoy xxvii 

Humour, disposition, 9 

HuNSDON, Lord of, Henry 
Carey, first Baron Huns- 
don in 1559, Lord 
Chamberlain since 1583, 
and later patron of the 
company of actors which 
included Shakespeare. He 
does not seem to have 
been Governor of Berwick 
after 1587, xxvi 

Hyena, 8 



I82 



GLOSSARIAL INDEX 



Hyperborei, 4, 128, 144 

Imperial (sometimes written 
*emperial'), the meaning 
influenced in this, as in 
many other cases, by the 
resemblance with * em- 
pyreal,' empyrean, 70 

Implaister, plaster, 32 

Ineqi'AL, unequal, 56 

Infer, support the inference 
of, 131 

In fortunate, unfortunate, 
24, 136 

iNGRATrFUL, ungratcful, 98, 
107 

Interparleys, conferences, 
conversation, 84 

Jealous, suspicious, 126 
Jeopardy, uncertainty, 

danger, 40 
Jet (sb.), 76, 131 
Jets, struts, 109 
JuMi'ED, concluded, 90 

Kersey, coarse cloth, 149 
Kestrel, a species of hawk, 

130 
Kind, nature, natural faculty 

or power, 138 
Kit, kitten, girl, 161 



Lachet, thong, xxix 
Landslord, landlord, 47, 48 

Latmos, 16 

Leaveless, leafless, 116 

Lepanthus, shores of, 4 

Lettuce for your lips, suit- 
able for you, 1 2 1 

Levelling out, discovering, 
revealing, 128 

Lieu, * in lieu of,' in return 
for, 1 40 

LiMON, lemon (the former 
being the more etymo- 
logical form), 39, 60, 108 

Lion, 8 

Liquorice leaf, 4 

List, will, liking, 129 

Lither, nimble, 161 

Load, May a load on,' beat, 
13, 106, 164 

LocKRAM, linen, 149 

Lodestar, guiding star, pole- 
star, 3, 73 

Losels, worthless fellows, 56 

Luna, 16 

LuNisE(iUA (star), 83 

Lupus est in fabula, an ex- 
pression signifying * a per- 
son we are talking of, or 
one concerned, is present,' 
104 



GLOSSARIAL INDEX 



183 



Make, mate, 1 1 9 
Malgrado, in spite of, 142 
Market is marred, 142 
Maze, possibly, though not, 
I think, probably, an error 
or confusion or wilful 
perversion for * muse,' a 
technical term for the 
opening in a thicket through 
which a hare habitually 
passes (the corresponding 
term for a deer is ' entry'). 
If we suppose that * muse ' 
is meant, a punning allusion 
to the * perplexed ' of the 
previous line is obvious, 
123 
Mazer, wooden cup, 91, 

108, T50 
Memento, musing, 19, 20, 

77 
Merciless, unpardonable, 59 

Mirrah, for myrrh-tree, 36 

Mole, stain, 82 

MoMus, xxix 

Morrow, morning, i 5 

Mourn, mourning, 87 

Narcissus, 51 

Neck, formerly a man carried 
a weapon on his * neck,' 
whereas now he carries it 



on his < shoulder,' 95, 
103, 106, etc. 

Necromancy, necromancy 
(the spelling indicates a 
false etymology — from 
niger instead of vcKpofi — 
which has undoubtedly 
affected the connotation 
of the word), 147 

Nose (bleeding), 94 

NouRiTURE, nurture, upbring- 
ing* 30 

On, of, 113 

On sleep, asleep, 112 
Orient, oriental, hence pre- 
cious, excellent, 33, 69; 
(of a flower) springing, 
blooming (?), 41 
Ought, owed, 53 
Over-read, re-read, 138 
Own, *the own,' its own, *a 
foul bird defiles the own 
nest,' 37 ; (i.e. belonging 
to the slop), 149 

Pad, toad, the phrase < a pad 
in the straw,' meaning a 
hidden danger, was pro- 
verbial, 14 

Palm tree, 2, 58 

Panther, 76 



184 



GLOSSARIAL INDEX 



Parole, word of mouth, 10 
Peale-meale, pell-mell, 54 
Peat, girl, 162 
Pelf, wealth, 1 1 2 
Peremptory, stedfast, 15 
Perked, decked, 158 
Persuaded, urged, 32 
Pet, huff, offence, 103 
Philautus, friend of Euphues 

(q. v.), XXV, XXX 
Phoebe, the moon, 137 
Phoenix, 2 
Phyllis, 38 
Physnomy, physiognomy, 8, 

94, 1 01, etc. 
Pinch, wound, hurt (vb. 

and sb.), 96, 138, 152 
Pinched by the heel, caught 

(cf. May by the heels'), 

123 
Pitch, reach, 139 
Plains, plaints, 43 
Points, laces, 149 
Pole-footed, an error for 

* polt-footed,' club-footed, 

69 

Polype, 5, 125 

Polypheme, Polyphemus 
(and Galatea, see Theo- 
critus, Idyl vi.), 116 

Post, haste, 1 1 5 

Prease, press, 56 



i Prejudice (vb.), endanger, 

I 142 ; (sb.), harm, injury, 

I no, 124 

! Prittle-prattle, reduplica- 

{ tion of * prattle,' 73 

I 
Quaint, elegant, 156 
Quandary, dilemma, 80 
Quite, requite, 64, 156 

Ramage, wild, untamed, 80 
Rampired, barricaded (ram- 

plre, rampart), 55 
Ransom, reward, to6 
Rebated, driven back, 105 
Recomfort, comfort, loi 
Recorded, sang, 66 
Recorder, flute or flageolet, 

86 
Recure, cure, 161 
Regius (serpent), 68 
Rejoice, joy, 41 
Remorse, regret, sorrow, 53 
Renowmed, renowned, 11, 

Repel, confute, repulse, 141 
Repulsed, angered (?), 18 
Rifle, gamble, dice (a 

synonym, apparently, of 

*raflle'),io 
Rise, rose, 59, no 



GLOSSARIAL INDEX 



'5 



Rove, to shoot at rovers, 
that is casual marks, not 
at a fixed distance, hence 
to shoot wildly at long 
range, 139 

Runagates, vagabonds, 163 

Sailors' Calendar, a book 
by Lodge, not now known, 

165 

Saint Denis ! — war-cry of 

the French kings, 164 
Sate, sat, 18, 46, 48, etc. 
Scorpion, 140 
Secretary, confidant, 134 
Sendal, a light silk, 148, 

158 

Set up her rest, fix her 
abode, 51 

Sethin leaf, 5 

Shadow, hide, cover, 22 

Showed, shown, 59 

Sicco pede, (dry-foot) care- 
lessly, 53 

Sinople tree, 125 

SiTH, since, 58, 154 

Slop, loose breeches, 149 

Smicker, smart, 161 

Souseth, swoopcth (hawking 
term), 69 

Spattana (herb), 144 

Spright, spirit, 127 



Squint-eyed, indirect, 161 

Standish, ink-stand, 135 

Start, started, 35 

Stickler, arbitrator, manager, 
149 

Stock, stocking, 149 

Stricken up, struck, con- 
cluded (of a bargain), 91 

Stroke, struck, 95 

SuB?*iiss, submissive, 10 1 

Swan, 2 

Swept (or swapt ?), con- 
cluded (a bargain), 51 

Taint, dye, stain, colour, 

16, etc. 
Tall, bold, 55 
Tanais, 35 
Tarantula, 152 
Teinture, dye, 133, 155 
Tellus, the earth, 39 
Tenerifa, Tenerif, 130 
Terceras, presumably Ter- 

ceira in the Azores, xxvii, 

xxix 
Thrall, bondage, 147 
Tiger, 8 
Topas, 1 13 
Tract (sb.), track, 39; 

(vb.) trace, 44 
Trains, plots, devices, 41 
Trooped, followed, 163 



i86 



GLOSSARIAL INDEX 



Troth, faith, truth, 48, 126 

Troyan, Trojan, 21 [see 
note), 133 

Truncheon, spear, 140 

Trussed, packed, 34 

Tyre, apparently used for 
Carthage, as being a 
Phoenician colony, 81 

Uncapable, incapable, 42 
Unperfect, imperfect, 72, 

95 

Upsee freeze, toast, carouse. 

Vailed, doffed, removed, 1 5, 

19 

Veny, assault, 107 

Wanton . . . want one (the 
supposed etymology), 5, 
80 

Wasp, 130 

Water plants, weep, 144 

Watercresses, 145 



Weed, garment, 37 
Welted, edged, 149 
What, why, 114 
Where, whereas, 4 
While, until, 54, 1 1 1 
Whipped, gathered, 

over, 149 
Wind (vb.), blow, 



86; 



(sb. ) * is the wind in that 

door,' is that what is the 

matter, 1 1 2 
Wive it, become a wife, 

161 
Wolves of Syria, 139 
Worm - seed, probably by 

confusion for * wormwood,' 

152 
Worships, honours, 58 
Wrastling, wrestling, 14, 

17 
Wrests, wrestles, 136 
Wrings, hurts, 145 
Writ, wrote, x 
Wrung, hurt, 1 10 

Zeuxis, a Greek painter, 90 



APPENDIX 

SHAKSPERE'S AS TOU LIKE IT AND 
LODGE'S ROSJLTNDE COMPARED.i 

BY W. G. STONE, ESQ. 

I PROPOSE in the following paper to examine Shakspere's 
treatment of Lodge's Rosalynde^ the source oi As Tou Like 
It, from a negative point of view ; and, instead of showing 
his agreement therewith, to dwell upon his divergence there- 
from, (I) in varying the plot, (II) in modifying the characters. 

Before considering Shakspere's use of his acknowledged 
original — Lodge's Rosalynde — it may be well to enquire 
whether he had any other before him. Farmer, who opposed 
the assertion of Grey and Upton that Shakspere borrowed As 
7'ou L'lhe It from the pseudo-Chaucerian Tale of Gamelyn, — 
to which Lodge was partially indebted,— went so far as to 
say : " . . . the old bard, who was no hunter of MSS., 
contented himself solely with Lodge's Rosalynde ^ Knight ^ 
produced three passages from Gamelyn, for which he found 
parallelisms in As Tou Like It. Orlando was dependent 
upon his brother's generosity. So should Gamelyn have been 

1 A Paper read at the 77th Meeting of the New Shakspere Society, 
Friday, March 10, 1882 ; reprinted from the Tramactions oi th.e Society, 
1880-6, pp. 277-93. 

2 "On the learning of Shakspeare," in the Var. Sh., 1821, i. 314. 

3 Pictorial Shakspere, ed. i, Comedies, vol. ii. pp. 199-201. 

187 



1 88 APPENDIX 

if Sire Johan of Boundys had followed the advice of some 
" wise knightes " whom he had requested to divide his lands 
between his three sons, having special regard to his youngest 
son's, Gamelyn's, interest. 

" For to delen hem alle to oon, that was her thought, 
And for Gamelyn was yongest, he schuld have nought '* 

(11-43. 44)-' 
Sire Johan, however, made Gamelyn his residuary legatee. 
In the next instance there is certainly an analogous treatment 
of subject. The old man, whose sons had been well nigh 
slain by Charles, was " making such pittiful dole ouer them, 
that all the beholders take his part with weeping," said 
Le Beau (I. ii. 139, 140). When Gamelyn reached the 
wrestling-place : 

" . . . he herd a frankeleyn wayloway synge. 
And bigan bitterly his hondes for to wrynge " (11. 197, 198), 

bemoaning the death of his two sons. Contrast the stoicism 
of Lodge's franklin who " never chaunged his countenance, but 
as a man of a couragious resolution, tooke up the bodies of his 
sonnes without shewe of outward discontent." The people, 
we are told, " murmured, and were all in a deepe passion of 
pittie " 2 (p. 18). The " shake by the shoulder," where- 
with Lodge's wrestler disturbs Rosader's contemplation of 

1 The references are to the Aldine edition of Chaucer (ed. 2), vol. ii. 
pp. 139 et sqj. The Rev. W. A. Harrison drew my attention to the 
parallelisms in Gamelyn at 11. 71-73 ; 193, 194; and 233, 234. [A 
critical text of Gamelyn^ edited by Professor Skeat, has since been 
published by the Clarendon Press, separately and in the six-volume 
edition of Chaucer.] 

2 The references to Rosalynde, which were originally to the reprint in 
Hazlitt's SA. Lib.f have been made to agree with the present edition, 
but the old spelling has been retained. 



APPENDIX 189 

Rosalynd's charms (p. 19), bears I think, a closer resemblance 
to Charles's rude interruption of Orlando's talk with Rosalind 
and Celia, — <* Come, where is this yong gallant that is so 
desirous to lie with his mother earth " (I. ii. 212, 213), — 
than can be found in the taunt addressed by the champion to 
Gamelyn : 

"... Who is thy fader and who is thy sire ? 
For-sothe thou art a gret fool, that thou come hire '* 

(11. 22T, 222). 

Five other parallelisms, more or less clear, may be added. 
After his father's death, Johan, Gamelyn's eldest brother, 

"... took into his hond his lond and his leede, 
And Gamelyn himselfe to clothen and to feede. 
He clothed him 2LVi^fedhimyvd and eek wrothe " 

("• 71-73)- 
Orlando complains to Adam that Oliver's "horses are bred 
better, for besides that they are faire with the'iv feeding, they are 
taught their mannage, . . . hee lets mse feede with his Hindes, 
barres mee the place of a brother," &c. (T.i. 11- 13, 19-21). 
Lodge only says, generally, that Saladyne made " Rosader 
his foote boy for the space of two or three yeares, keeping him 
in such servile subjection, as if he had been the sonne of any 
country vassal " (p. lo-ii). When Oliver called Orlando 
a " villaine," the latter replied : " I am no villaine : I am the 
yongest sonne of Sir Rowland de Boys ; he was my father ; 
and he is thrice a villaine that saies such a father begot villaines " 
(I. i. 59-62). Gamelyn answered the epithet " gadelyng," 
given him by his eldest brother, Johan, thus : 

" I am no worse gadelyng, ne no worse wight, 
But born of a lady, and geten of a knight" (11. 107, 108). 



190 



APPENDIX 



As Gamelyn rode away to the wrestling-match, Johan 

"... bysoughte Jhesu Crist, that is heven kyng, 
He mighte Z-r^/^^ his nekke in that wrastlyng " (11. 193, 194). 

In commending Orlando to Charles's "discretion," Oliver 
said : " I had as liefe thou didst hreake his necke as his finger " 
(I. i. 152, 153). The wrestler thus taunted Gamelyn (11. 
233» 234): 

" * By God ! ' sayde the champioun, * welcome mote thou be ! 
Come thou ones in myn hond, schalt thou never the 
[thrive].'" 

Duke Frederick said : " You shall trie but one fall." 
Charles answered ; " No, I warrant your Grace, you shall 
not entreat him to a second," ^ &c. (I. ii. 216-218). 

1 While on this subject of the wrestling as treated by Chaucer and by 
Shakspere, I would point to a coincidence which seems to me to 
throw some light on a disputed reading of a passage in As Tou Like It 
(II. iii. 7, 8). 

" Why would you be so fond to ouercome 
The bonnie [? bonie'\ priser of the humorous Duke ? " 

says Adam to Orlando. The modern texts read " Bonny prizer " ; 
"bonny" being taken in the sense of the Scotch "bonnie," as in the 
expression *'a bonnie lass." The epithet is suitable enough when 
applied to a fair damsel, but is it applicable to a man ? I do not 
believe that Shakspere would be likely to use it of Charles in any 
case ; and certainly he would not put it into the mouth of Adam under 
the circumstances in which he is speaking. The word occurs in 
Henry Vl.y part 2 (V. ii. 12), where it is applied to a fine horse, "the 
bonnie beast he loved so well." In the Taming of the Shrew (II. i. 186), 
where "Bonny Kate" is given in the Folio as "bony Kate." In 
the same play (III. ii. 226), where it is " bonny Kate." In Richard III. 
(I. i. 94), where Shore's wife is said to have "a bonny eye." In the 
Song in Much Ado about Nothing (II. iii. 68), " blithe and bonnie." 



^ 



APPENDIX 191 

Lastly, the forest of Arden and that to which Gamelyn and 
Adam the spencer — the prototype of old Adam — betook 
themselves are described by the same adjective. Adam 
remarked : 

That lever me were keyes for to bere, 
Then walken in this tuilde ivoode my clothes to tere " 

(11. 621, 622). 

Compare : 

" And to the skirts of this wilde Wood he [Duke Frederick] 
came (V. iv. 165). 



Prizer (it is spelled " priser " in the Folio) is explained to mean 
one who fights for prizes — prize-fighter. I strongly suspect that both 
these derivations are wrong ; that (a) " Bonnie " should be " bony," as 
Dyce and others have printed the word in their editions, meaning one 
with large bones, and so with a strong powerful frame ; and (b) that 
"priser" means one who lays hold with a good firm grip. Cotgrave 
has the word in this sense, " istre en prises, to be closely locked or 
grappled together ; to tug one another ; to ivrastle or strive with one 
another." 

So that the expressions taken together would mean the big-framed 
ivresder, 

Aldis Wright objects to " Bony," that it would describe a thin and 
skeleton-like man. But then he takes prizer = prize-fighter ; and the 
question is whether Bony taken with " priser " would not convey the 
idea of a man whose big bones gave him the advantage in the grip. 

Bearing in mind that Shakspere has, in the preceding scene, described 
his wrestler as " the sinezuy Charles" now hear what Chaucer says of a 
wrestler : 

" The Mellere was a stout carle for the nones, 
Full big he was of braun, and eke of boones ; 
That prevede wel, for overal ther he cam. 
At wrastlynge he wolde bere awey the ram." 

{Prologue, 11. 545-548.) — W. A. Harrison. 



192 APPENDIX 



I. Variations in the Plot. 

1. We meet with a slight variation in the opening scene 
of j4s Tou Like It. Sir John of Bordeaux (Sir Rowland de 
Boys) bequeathed to his youngest son Rosader (Orlando) a 
larger portion than either Saladyne or Fernandyne (Oliver 
and Jaques de Boys) received. Rosader was thus no penni- 
less younger brother like Orlando, but, being a minor at the 
time of Sir John's death, he was left to the guardianship of 
Saladyne, who wasted his estates and degraded him to the 
condition of a foot-boy (pp. 8-11). 

2. When the two brothers quarrelled, Saladyne bade his 
men bind Rosader, who thereupon caught up a rake and used 
it so vigorously as to put them all to flight, and compel 
Saladyne to take refuge in aloft (p. 13). This brawl is 
reduced by Shakspere to Orlando's momentary clutch of 
Oliver's throat (I. i. 62-64). 

3. After his victory in the wrestling-match, Rosader, 
attended by some " boon companions," returned triumphantly 
to Saladyne's house. Saladyne had bribed the wrestler to 
kill his brother, and, being wroth at the failure of his scheme, 
shut the gate against them. Rosader broke open the gate and 
welcomed his comrades to five tuns of Saladynes's wine and 
whatever food could be found. When the guests had 
departed he was minded to avenge Saladyne's discourtesy, 
but, through Adam Spencer's mediation, the brothers were 
reconciled. A " long while," we learn, then elapsed till, 
** on a morning very early," Saladyne surprised Rosader 
asleep, and caused him to be bound to a post in the hall, for- 
bidding any one to give him food or drink. He was released 
by Adam Spencer, with whose assistance he attacked Saladyne 



APPENDIX 193 

and the ** kindred and allyes," who were being entertained at 
" a solempne breakefast," slew some of them and drove the rest 
out of the house. Saladyne returned, accompanied by the 
sheriff and twenty-five " tall men." Rosader and Adam 
Spencer sallied forth, repulsed the sheriff's forces, and escaped 
to the forest of Arden (pp. 22-24, 52-56). All this 
violence Shakspere omitted, and made Oliver's meditated 
attempt on Orlando's life a reason for the latter's flight 
(II. iii. 19-25). 

4. Shakspere invented the old enmity between Duke 
Frederick and Sir Rowland de Boys, which caused the 
duke's ungenerous behaviour to Orlando (I. ii. 237-239). 

I here note that the characters and incidents of Shakspere's 
original hitherto mentioned were borrowed by Lodge, with 
slight alteration, from the Tale of Gamelyn. The unnamed 
"woode," to which Gamelyn and Adam the spencer 
retreated (1. 617), was defined by L odge^_a^s^ the Jbrest ^_ 
Arden (p. 56). The characters added by Lodge and 
utilized^ "b^ Shakspere are: Rosalynd, Alinda (Celia), 
Phoebe, Montanus^ (Silvius), Coridon (Corin), Gerismond, 
the banished king (Duke Senior), and Torismond, King of 
France (Duke Frederick). 

5. Torismond, enraged at Alinda' s importunate pleading 
for Rosalynd, banished both daughter and niece (p. 31). 
There was, as we have seen, a long interval between 

^ Shakspere, in changing the names of some of Lodge's characters, 
has done so with wonderful propriety, having regard to the scene of the 
story. Saladyne becomes Oliver, an appropriate name, from Oli'vier, an 
Olive-tree. Sir John of Bordeaux becomes Sir Rowland de Bois = Wood. 
Montanus is changed to Silvius, one born in the woods ; " in silvis 
natus" (Livy, I. 3).— W. A. H. ' 

O 



194 



APPENDIX 



Rosader's triumph and his flight, during which time 
Rosalynd and Alinda, whose banishment took place on the 
day of the wrestHng-match (cf. pp. 24 and 28), were living 
in Arden (p. 52). They were known as Aliena and 
Ganimede, and passed as mistress and page (p. 34). This 
variation in time lead to these results. 

a. When Rosalynd and Alinda had been travelling for two 
or three days through the " Forrest side," the former espied a 
posy addressed to an obdurate fair one, and carved on the 
bark of a pine. Some more verses, signed " Montanus," 
were discovered by Alinda on a beech (pp.35-37). In 
Shakspere's version, Orlando, not an uninteresting shepherd, 
was the writer of the verses which cast Rosalind into such 
a pretty flutter of hope and bashfulness. 

p. At the banquet in the forest (II. vii.) Gerismond 
learnt from Rosader how his daughter and niece had been 
banished, and were gone none knew whither (p. 63). 
Orlando, whose flight was coeval with Rosalind's, had not 
this clue for detecting her disguise. Yet I agree with Mr. 
Grant White^ that we must allow much for the glamour of 
Arden forest. 

6. Saladyne was imprisoned by Torismond, ostensibly on 
account of Rosader's wrongs. Being released and exiled he 
resolved to seek Rosader. He did not recognize his brother 
in the forester who saved him from a lion, but made known 
to Rosader, as tcf a stranger, his previous history and con- 
trition for his misdeeds. Rosader thereupon revealed himself 
(pp. 63-65, 93-101). Doubtless Oliver knew Orlando 
when, as he said : 

" From miserable slumber I awaked "(IV. iii. 133). 

^ Galaxy, April, 1875, No. iv, p. 556, col. i. 



APPENDIX 195 

7. Two or three^ days were spent by Rosader in showing 
his forest haunts to Saladyne, during which time Rosalynd 
sorely missed her lover (pp. 103-104), to whom, at their 
last meeting, she had been sportively married by Alinda 
(p. 90). Rosader then revisited Rosalynd and Alinda, 
and told them the cause of his absence (p. 104). Oliver 
informed Rosalind and Celia that Orlando was detained by 
the wound which he had received from the lioness (IV. iii. 
151-157). 

8. In the course of this interview " certain Rascals," who 
were hiding from justice in the forest, endeavoured to carry 
off Alinda. They overpowered and severely wounded 
Rosader, and must have succeeded in their attempt had not 
Saladyne fortunately come to the rescue (pp. 105-106). 
Shakspere made no use of this adventure. 

9. On the next day, when Rosalynd and Alinda had re- 
turned to their home, after witnessing Montanus's bootless 
courtship of Phcebe, came Saladyne, bringing news of 
Rosader's anticipated restoration to health (pp. 124-125). 
Rosalynd having discreetly withdrawn (p. 128), Saladyne 
wooed Alinda and prevailed on her to promise that she would 
either marry him or "still live a virgine " (p. 132). 
Shakspere, who omitted the rescue from the ruffians, caused 
Orlando to be slightly wounded in saving Oliver from the 
lioness (IV. iii. 147, 148). 

10. At an indefinite later date Montanus brought Phoebe's 
letter to Rosalynd. Silvius delivered a similar missive just 
before Oliver entered with news of Orlando. 

11. A day being fixed for the marriage of Alinda and 
Saladyne, the feigned Ganimede promised Rosader that, by 
the aid of a friend " deeply experienst in Necromancy and 

^ P. 103. Three days, p. 104. 



196 APPENDIX 

Magicke/' the presence of Rosalynd at the ceremony should 
be ensured. Hereupon " Rosader frownd, thinking that 
Ganimede had jested with him" (p. 147). Shakspere 
made Rosalind herself the conjurer, and inspired Orlando 
with a vague confidence in the art which she professed to 
have learnt from her uncle the magician (V. ii. 56-75 ; 

iv. 3>4)- 

12. Gerismond's investigation of the case of Montanus 
and Phcebe was the chief incident of the wedding festivities 
(pp. 1 51-156). Rosalynd and Rosader were left quite in the 
shade. Shakspere kept his under-plot within due proportions, 
and imparted breadth and diversity to the closing scene of 
As Ton Like It, by means of Touchstone's wit. 

13. The marriage banquet was interrupted by the arrival 
of Fernandyne, who announced that the twelve peers of 
France had taken up arms on their lawful sovereign's behalf, 
and were about to join battle with Torismond's forces, on the 
outskirts of the forest. Gerismond, accompanied by Rosader 
and Saladyne, armed and hastened to the fray, in which 
Torismond was slain and his followers were routed. Geris- 
mond then returned to Paris in triumph, and the personages 
of the story received their several rewards, from Rosader 
downwards, created heir apparent, to Coridon, who became 
master of Alinda's flocks (pp. 1 62-1 64) . The repentance of 
Duke Frederick forestalled the pending hurly-burly (V. iv. 
1 60-1 71). The "happie number" grouped round the 
Elder Duke, whose ** returned fortune " they are soon to 
share, are visible to us only while we stand within the 
enchanted circle of Arden forest. 



APPENDIX 197 



II. Variations in the Characters. 

I turn now to the like negative comparison of the characters 
presented by the novel and the play. 

I. In her meditations, after the wrestling-match, upon her 
sudden passion for Rosader, Rosalynd lamented falling in 
love with a poor man v/ho could not maintain her state or 
revenge her father's wrongs, called to mind certain prudential 
maxims, as ** that gold is sweeter than eloquence ; that love 
is a fire and wealth is the fewel," and exhorted herself to 
think Rosader **les3e beautiful, because hee is in want, and 
account his vertues but qualities of course, for that he is not 
indued with wealth.*' She ended her soliloquy, however, by 
abjuring " such servile conceites, as to prize gold more than 
honor, or to measure a Gentleman by his wealth, not by his 
vertues" (pp. 26-27). I suspect that Lodge deemed it 
incumbent on him, as a man of the world, to correct the 
excessive saccharinity of his love-passages with some bitter 
infusions of worldly wisdom. In contrast to these musings — 
whether natural or factitious — we have the momentary 
struggle with conventional reserve which made Shakspere's 
Rosalind murmur to herself, when she saw Orlando's 
wistful gaze fixed on her, 

" He cals vs back : my pride fell with my fortunes ; 
lie aske him what he would" (I. ii. 264, 265). 

The Rosalind of the novel is a colourless being, incapa-ble 
of entering into the spirit of her part, and availing herself of 
it to tease Rosader with the saucy bewildering banter which 
Orlando had to endure. The only gleam of merriment in 



198 APPENDIX 

their wooing came when, after they had sung a wooing 
eclogue together, Rosalynd said : " How now, Forrester, 
have I not fitted your turne ? have I not playde the woman 
handsomely, and shewed myselfe as coy in graunts, as courteous 
in desires, and beene as full of suspition, as men of flattery ? 
and yet to salve all, jumpe I not all up with the sweet union of 
love ? Did not Rosalinde content her Rosader ? " Rosader 
opined that " if my foode bee no better than such amorous 
dreames, Venus at the yeares end shal find me but a leane 
lover" (pp. 89-90). Of their usual dialogue the following 
is a fair specimen. " Thou speakest by experience (quoth 
Ganimede), and therfore we hold al thy words for 
Axiomes : but is Love such a lingring maladie ? It is (quoth 
he) either extreame or meane, according to the minde of the 
partie that entertaines it ; for as the weedes grow longer un- 
toucht then the prettie floures, and the flint lyes safe in the 
quarry, when the Emerauld is suffering the Lapidaries toole : 
so meane men are freed from Venus injuries, when kings are 
environed with a laborinth of her cares" (p. 82). 

Whatever capacity for fun was possessed by Lodge's 
Rosalynd showed itself in her talks with Alinda. Of this I 
give an example. "You may see (quoth Ginimede) what 
mad cattel you women be, whose harts sometimes are made 
of Adamant that wil touch with no impression, and sometimes-, 
of wax that is fit for every forme : they delight to be courted, 
and then they glory to seeme coy, and when they are most 
desired then they freese with disdaine : and this fault is so 
common to the sex, that you see it painted out in the 
shepheardes [Montanus'sJ passions, who found his Mistres 
as froward as he was enamoured" (p. 36). 

Either in jest or for the sake of proving his constancy she 
advised Rosader to make his court to Alinda, who had 



APPENDIX 199 

uttered a hope of finding "as faithfull a Paris" as he was 
(p. 79). Neither motive could, I think, have induced 
Shakspere's Rosalind to give such counsel to her lover. 

When Rosader reappeared, after breaking his tryst, it was 
Alinda, not Rosalynd, who scolded him. Rosader had been 
absent for three days (p. 104). Sharp were the reproofs 
which fell on Orlando, who came " within an houre " of 
the time appointed (IV. i. 38-52), At first, his offended 
mistress ignored his presence, and continued — as Grant 
White 1 has explained to us — to banter the retreating Jaques. 

Moreover, Phoebe's cruelty did not move Lodge's Rosalynd 
to utter severer censures than were these. ** And if, Damzell, 
you fled from mee," — Phoebe had told Montanus (p. 121) 
that if he pursued her with Phoebus, she must flee with 
Daphne, — "I would transforme you as Daphne to a bay, 
and then in contempt trample your branches under my 
feet. . . Because thou art beautifull be not so coy : as there 
is nothing more fair, so there is nothing more fading ; as 
momentary as the shadowes which growes from a clowdy 
Sunne" (p. 122). Throughout the speech Phoebe's beauty 
is fully acknowledged. Contrast with this gentle language 
the bitter taunts of the Shaksperian Rosalind, and the 
disparaging epithets which she applied to the poor 
shepherdess's rustic comeliness : " inkie browes," " black 
silke haire," "bugle eye-balls," and " cheeke of creame " 
(III. V. 46, 47). The climax of injury was reached when 
Silvius brought Phoebe's letter to Rosalind, who, indulging 
in malicious play upon the double sense of the word 
"hand," sneered at the " leatherne," "freestone-coloured," 
"huswiues," hand of the writer ; adding with surpassing scorn, 

1 Galaxy^ April, 1875, ^o. iv, p. 556, col. 2. 



200 APPENDIX 

as though such a defect was, in Phoebe's case, part of the order 
of Nature, " but that's no matter " ^ (IV. iii. 24-27). Lodge's 
Rosalynd " fell into a great laughter " on reading the letter, 
but no gibes followed at the expense of writer or bearer ; she 
merely advised Montanus to transfer his affections to some 
less hard-hearted fair one (pp. 13 8-1 42). 

2. Concerning Alinda there is little to be said. Like 
Celia, she bravely asserted before her father the innocence of 
the friend whose exile she declared her resolve of sharing. 
Shakspere omitted this extravagant expression of trust in 
her friend's loyalty. " If then. Fortune, who tryumphs in 
varietie of miseries, hath presented some envious person (as 
minister of her intended stratageme) to tainte Rosalynde with 
any surmise of treason, let him be brought to her face, and 
confirme his accusation by witnesses ; which proved, let her 
die, and Alinda will execute the massacre " (p. 30). 
Through her position of mistress, and from the absence of 
any special force of character in Rosalynd, Alinda took the 
lead of her page. 

3. A comparison of Rosader and Orlando elicits several 
important differences of conception : the advantage decidedly 
remaining with Shakspere's hero. 

Orlando was unable to say even an " I thank you," in 
response to RosaUnd's gracious gift and words (I. ii. 261). 
Rosader was self-possessed enough to step into a tent and 
there indite a laudatory sonnet, which he sent to the princess 
in return for a jewel which she had delivered to him by the 
hands of a page (p. 21). The intervention of the page in 
the matter may account for Rosader's business-like procedure.^ 

^ See what the author of Dorothy says concerning Rosalind's " no 
matter," p. xii. 

2 See Transactions of the Neiv Sh, Soc.^ 1880-2, pp. 30*, 31*. 



201 

When wandering hunger-stricken in the forest, he wept 
and lamented that he could not die worthily, lance in hand. 
The self-sacrificing love of Adam Spencer, who would 
have opened his veins in order that his young master 
might be nourished by his blood, roused Rosader from 
despair, and sent him forth in quest of food (p. 60). No 
such faint-hearted upbraider of destiny was Orlando, cheering 
his drooping follower with words of confident hope and 
gentle reproof, till he saw a reflection of his own undaunted 
courage in the old man's looks (II. vi. ^-adjin.) 

In hesitating to save Saladyne from the lion, Rosader was 
biassed less by a desire for revenge than by a more far-seeing 
motive. He should add Saladyne's estates to his own, and 
his increased wealth might incline Rosalynd to regard him 
more favourably; it being his opinion that "women's eyes 
are made of Chrisecoll,^ that is ever unperfect unless tempred 
with gold" (p. 95). The cause of Orlando's wavering was 
a gust of vindictive anger (IV. iii. 128-131) ; a venial fault 
if we consider his provocation. Rosader's hesitation was 
chiefly due to calculating, not impulsive, culpability ; and he 
was unconscious of the wrong which he designed towards 
Rosalynd. His derogatory estimate of her accords with 
this lack of moral delicacy. 

Lastly, with Rosader's eloquent professions of love we 
have to reconcile the rather awkward fact that, though he 

^ Chrisecoll, " Chrystall ? But perhaps the same as ClirysocoUa, 
Harrison's 'England,' p. 236." Halliwell, Diet, of Archaic Words. 
Cotgrave gives : " ChrysocoUe (ChrysocoUa), Gold-solder ; Borax ; green 
earth, whether artificial or mineral, as Borrais. Borrais = Borax, or 
green earth, a hard and shining mineral or humour congealed in mines. 
There is also an artificial one made of Rock, alum, ammoniac, and other 
things 5 both used by goldsmiths. Borras jaune = yellow-borax, found 
in gold mines, and fittest for goldsmiths." — W. A. H. 



202 APPENDIX 

knew of Rosalynd's exile, he did not attempt to follow her, 
but remained at home for, we are told, "a long while,'* 
until care for his safety obliged him to depart. I cannot 
suppose that Orlando could have been so sluggish and 
unfeeling. 

4. Saladyne and Oliver are more akin, and it were hard 
to strike the balance between them. 

Sir John of Bordeaux bequeathed the largest share of his 
property to Rosader. Hence Saladyne' s hatred sprang 
chiefly from avarice, and fear of being called to account for 
his malversations. Oliver, whose estate was subject to a 
legacy of "but poore a thousand crownes " (I. i. 2, 3), had 
no ground save envy for detesting Orlando. 

Saladyne felt compunction for his brother's wrongs sooner 
than did Oliver, who was certainly impenitent when banished 
by Duke Frederick. The imprisonment which preceded 
Saladyne's exile awakened some sorrow, which was, however, 
not deep, for when questioned by Torismond as to his brother's 
whereabouts, Saladyne answered reservedly that " upon some 
ryot made against the SherifFe of the shire, he was fled from 
Bordeaux, but hee knew not whither " (p* 65 ) . In Saladyne's 
presence Rosader related to Gerismond all that had passed 
between them (p. lOi). Celia and Rosalind were the 
recipients of Oliver's confession. Oliver would doubtless 
have soon revealed himself as the unnatural brother, but, in 
his emotion, the truth escaped him ere he had summoned 
resolution enough deliberately to avow it (IV. iii. 133). 

Saladyne's amorous speeches to Alinda, and her replies, 
are recorded for us. She expressed the conventional distrust 
of his good faith, and bade him reflect on their inequality of 
birth (pp. 128-132). How Oliver wooed Celia we are 
left to imagine : we only learn the issue from Rosalind, 



APPENDIX 203 

who treated the whole affair with much levity (V. ii. 

32-45)- 

Alinda's warning was not unneeded. When, on the 
wedding-day, the pseudo-Ganymede, having withdrawn 
alone and re-entered as Gerismond's daughter, was given by 
the king in marriage to Rosader, Saladyne, comparing his 
brother's splendid alliance with his own, stood " in a dumpe " 
till Alinda declared herself to be the daughter of Torismond 
(p. 159). Ceha's entrance simultaneously with Rosalind 
spared Oliver this test of his constancy. 

Most of us have, I suspect, wondered why Celia should 
have fallen in love with Oliver, and regretted that she did 
not choose a worthier mate.^ Saladyne's display of prowess 
in the struggle with the forest-ruffians commended him to 
Alinda ; and, in saving Rosader's life, he requited his 
brother's generosity, and made some atonement for past un- 
kindness. Shakspere did not ennoble Oliver by any such 
device. 

The minor characters now remain to be considered. 

^ Swinburne writes : " That one unlucky slip of the brush which has 
left so ugly a little smear in one corner of the canvas as the betrothal 
of Oliver to Celia." 

"The actual or hypothetical necessity of pairing off all the couples" 
(at the end of a comedy) " is the theatrical idol whose tyranny exacts 
this holocaust of higher and better feelings," &c. [Study of Shakespeare 
p. 152).— [W. A. H.] 

We may derive some consolation from comparing the union of Celia 
and Oliver with another example, in George Eliot's Middlemarch. If 
desert alone were regarded, Mary Garth should have married Mr. 
Farebrother, but then Fred Vincy's ruin was inevitable. Farebrother 
could steer his own course aright ; poor Fred could not. We may hope 
that under Cclia's beneficent influence the rooted evil of Oliver's nature 
was killed, the germ of worth in him — shown by his genuine remorse 
— quickened, and that he came at last to deserve his good fortune. 



204 APPENDIX 

5. Adam Spencer exceeded the Shaksperian Adam in 
fidelity. The former, as we have seen, was willing to 
sacrifice his life in order to save his master from starvation. 
This especial proof of devotion forms a repulsive, and possibly 
an unnatural, incident. Moreover, as Lodge has used it, it 
degrades Rosader, whose bitter lamentations caused Adam 
Spencer to oifer such a relief. 

6. Lodge's Phoebe rejected Montanus's suit " not," as she 
told him, " that I scorne thee, but that I hate love : for I 
count it as great honor to triumph over fancie as over 
fortune" (p. 121). The Shaksperian Phoebe expressed no 
abstract preference for an unwedded state. 

The violence of her passion having endangered Phoebe's 
life, the disguised page, at Montanus's request, visited her as 
she lay sick in her father's house ; and, arguing the matter 
with courtesy and consideration, — qualities, as I have already 
noticed, lacking in the other Ganymede's method of dealing 
with an unwelcome attachment, — drew forth this confession : 
*' . . . so deeply I repent me of my frowardnesse towards 
the shepheard, that could I cease to love Ganimede, I 
would resolve to like Montanus " (p. 145). Shakspere did 
not endow his Phoebe with so much sensibility. We do not 
gather that unrequited love affected her health ; and her 
feigned pity — preluded by the gracious avowal, " Why, I am 
sorry for thee, gentle Silvius " — was merely the flattering 
transition from cruelty to treachery (III. v. 86). 

7. Montanus, despairing of Phoebe's life, magnanimously 
advised his rival to wed her. To Alinda, who said, '* . . . 
if Ganimede marry Phoebe, thy market is cleane mard," he 
answered, " . . .so hath love taught me to honour Phoebe, 
that I would prejudice my life to pleasure her, and die in 
despaire rather than shee should perish for want" (p. 142). 



APPENDIX 205 

If rewarded sometimes by a smile, Silvius could endure the 
better fortune of another wooer, but his imaginative heroism 
carried him no further. He told his Phoebe that he should 

"... thinke it a most plenteous crop 

To gleane the broken eares after the man 

That the maine haruest reapes : loose now and then 

A scattred smile, and that lie Hue vpon " (III. v. 101-104) 

Further, when requested to convey the fatal letter, 
Montanus, we learn, " saw day at a little hole, and did 
perceive what passion pinched her [Phoebe] : yet (that he 
might seeme dutifuU to his Mistresse in all service) he dis- 
sembled the matter, and became a willing Messenger of his 
own Martyrdom" (p. 138). The like merit cannot be 
attributed to Silvius, who was completely fooled. 

8. Of the two shepherds Montanus and Coridon, and the 
fair shepherdess Phoebe, it may be said that they are idealized 
after the Arcadian model. Coridon, the prototype of Corin, 
is, both in speech and ways, the most homely of the three. 
Concerning Phoebe he remarked, " if al maidens were of her 
mind, the world would grow to a mad passe ; for there would 
be great store of wooing and litle wedding, many words and 
little worship, much folly and no faith " (p. 1 1 1 ). Before 
the wedding party went to church he presented " a faire mazer 
full of Sidar " to Gerismond, with a " clownish salute " 
which made the king smile (p. 150). "About mid dinner, 
to make them mery, Coridon came in with an old crowd,i 
and plaid them a fit of mirth, to which he sung this pleasant 
song, 

1 A fiddle. — Nares's Glossary, 1867, s.v. See the minute description 
of Condon's "holiday sute," p. 149. 



2o6 APPENDIX 

A blyth and bonny country Lasse, — 

heigh ho, the bonny Lasse ! — 

Sate sighing on the tender grasse, 

and weeping said, * will none come woo mee ? ' " &c. 

(p. .61). 

Yet in a wooing eclogue he could warble thus to Montanus : 

" This milk-white Poppy, and this climbing Pine, 
Both promise shade ; then sit thee downe and sing, 
And make these woods with pleasant notes to ring. 
Till Phoebus daine all Westward to decline " (p. 40). 

On Alinda's wedding day, Montanus " was apparelled all 
in tawny, to signifie that he was forsaken : on his head he 
wore a garland of willow, his bottle hanged by his side, 
whereon was painted dispaire, and on his sheephooke hung 
two Sonnets,! as lables of his loves and fortunes" (p. 151). 
Touching his love he discoursed in this fashion : " Mine eyes 
like bees delight in sweet flowers, but sucking their fill on 
the faire of beauty, they carry home to the Hive of my heart 
farre more gaul than hony, and for one drop of pure deaw, a 
tun full of deadly Aconiton " (p. 151). 

1 Five other sonnets are preserved for us, one of them being in 
French (p. 117). Mr. Collier said: "Lodge appears to have been 
rather vain of his French compositions, and this is not the only instance 
in which he has introduced them, either in his ov/n works or as 
laudatory of those of others. To put French verses into the mouth of 
Montanus is a gross piece of indecorum as respects the preservation of 
character." — Ibid.^ note. If the forest of Arden were the forest of 
Ardennes, French was Montanus's native tongue ; but since we find 
Rosader and Adam journeying to the forest "through the province of 
Bourdeaux," and expecting by this route to reach "Lions" (p. 56), we 
are obliged to conclude that the site of Lodge's Arden is as indefinite as 
Shakspere's. 



APPENDIX 207 

Phoebe, too, had the same command of tropical language ; 
and her two extant sonnets (pp. 118, 137) are as pithy and 
well-conceited as are the poetic fancies of the other personages 
of the novel, most of whom have left us specimens of their 
powers in this line. When Rosalind and Alinda first 
beheld her, she was attired " in a petticote of scarlet, covered 
with a green mantle, and to shrowd her from the Sunne a 
chaplet of roses : from under which appeared a face full of 
Natures excellence, and two such eyes as might have amated 
a greater man than Montanus " (p. 115). Lodge may put 
in the touch, <* a face full of Natures excellence," but we 
know assuredly that she had not the " leathern hand " which 
Shakspere has not shrunk from giving to his Phoebe. 

The dwellers in Shakspere' s Arden are drawn from 
Nature, Phoebe and Silvius marking the credible limit of 
rustic refinement, while in Audrey and William the ordinary 
peasant type is depicted. Old Corin fills a place between 
these two grades. 

9. Of Gerismond and Torismond I have only to observe, 
that the former did not possess the cheerful fortitude in 
adversity which distinguished the Elder Duke ; and that the 
latter, in banishing his daughter as well as his niece, showed 
himself to be a more rigorous tyrant than was Duke 
Frederick. 

It now remains to summarize the results of this examin- 
ation. 

Shakspere's Rosalind and Celia may be called creations : 
little more than the plot through which they moved being 
borrowed from Lodge. Shakspere gave to Rosalind the 
pre-eminence that the structure of the story demanded. Her 
abundant wit was also his gift. The chief negative change 



2o8 APPENDIX 

consisted in the behaviour of Rosalind to Orlando after the 
wrestling-match. 

The development of Orlando's character was due in a 
larger measure to omission and substitution. By a variation in 
the plot, while economy of time, a dramatic gain, is effected, 
the hero's unloverUke sojourn at home during his lady's 
exile is avoided. Again, the breaking of his tryst in con- 
sequence of a prolonged ramble is rejected. Our suspicions, 
that, in spite of his protests, Rosader was but a cold lover, 
are rather increased when we consider his behaviour — in 
marked contrast to Orlando — after the wrestling-match. 
His despondency when menaced by hunger, and the sinister 
calculation which prompted him to abandon his brother and 
make his desertion a means of winning Rosalynd, show grave 
defects of character from which Shakspere's Orlando is quite 
free. 

Instead of Saladyne's avarice, Shakspere, by changing the 
circumstances, substituted Oliver's envy. Lodge granted 
Saladyne an opportunity for repairing past injuries. Shak- 
spere denied this to his Oliver. Our attention is solely fixed 
on the rescue from the lioness. Oliver's repentance is, with 
much dramatic effect, deferred until that crowning moment, 
and he is not afterwards permitted in any wise to disturb 
Orlando's superiority. Yet, by another slight change of 
circumstance, Oliver was spared the risk of falling lower in our 
esteem, as Saladyne did when he repented his match with 
Alinda. 

The episode of the hard-hearted shepherdess and her lover 
served as an under-plot ; in strict subordination to the main 
story. The artificial air which hangs about Lodge's swains, 
including old Coridon, was dispelled. The Shaksperian 
Phoebe was simply ** fancy free " ; not a sworn vestal as was 



APPENDIX 209 

her sister of the novel. Neither did love afflict her with 
languishing sickness. Montanus's willingness to surrender 
his Phoebe to a rival was not emulated by Silvius. 

To this avoidance of what may at least be called highly 
coloured touches should be added : the toning down of the 
" tyrants vaine " in Torismond ; and the efFacement of 
Alinda's offer to become the guilty Rosalynd's executioner, 
as well as Adam Spencer's proposed self-sacrifice, which was 
open to the further objection that it reflected discredit on 
Rosader. 

Lastly, the deeds of violence which embittered the brothers' 
strife, the battle that raged on the verge of the forest, and the 
lawlessness that found a shelter in its depths, have no parallels 
in y^s Tou Like It. We can forget the malice of Oliver and 
the tyranny of Duke Frederick amid the peace and innocence 
enfolding Shakespere's Arden ; cruelty and injustice range 
without, but may not break, its charmed circle : we can 
return to that primal age when the loves and caprices of 
simple rustic folk were the chief tokens of human passion, and 
dwell again where we " fleet the time carelesly as they did 
in the golden world." 



Richard Clay & Sons, Limited, 
bread street hill, e.c., and 

BUNGAV, SUFFOLK. 



A PROSPECTUS OF 



ClK Shakespeare Cibrary 




I CDe Oia Spelling SDaRespeare 
2. Cbe $DdRe$pedre eia$$ic$ 
5« CDe EamD SDaRespearc for tDe 

youttd 
4. SDdkespearCs Endlana 



^T is proposed to include in " The Shakespeare Library " a 
%} comprehensive series of works bearing directly on Shakespeare 
and his age — texts and studies, valuable alike for students and 
the ever-widening circle of general readers interested in all that 
pertains to the great dramatist and his work. "The Shakespeare 
Classics " and " The Old Spelling Shakespeare,*' described 
below, are sections of " The Shakespeare Library." Other 
works in preparation are The Shakespeare Allusion Book, a 
revised and amplified edition of the scarce two volumes originally- 
issued, under the direction of Dr. Furnivall, by the New 
Shakspere Society ; and other books illustrative of English life 
during the age of Shakespeare. 

Orders received at all Booksellers, or from the Publishers 



DUFFELD 

36EAST21"SI 




COMB^NY 

NEW YORK 



CDc Old Spellittg SbaRespcare 

In Forty Volumes, to be issued at short intervals. 

tbe UlorKs of 
lumm SbaRcspearc 

Editea according to the orthography ana arrange- 
ment of the more authentic Quarto and Folio versions, 
ivith brief Introductions , by F. J. FURNIVALL, M.A., 
D.Litt. {founder of the Neiv Shakspere SocietyJ. 

The project of issuing an edition of Shakespeare in such a form as 
would have harmonized with the poet's own orthography has engaged 
Dr. Furnivall's attention and entailed much active work on his part for 
more than a quarter of a century. In the enthusiasm which has lately 
been evoked by the successful launching of costly reproductions of the 
Shakespeare Folios, Dr. Furnivall has had the good fortune to realize 
that his has not been a voice crying unheard. His untiring advocacy of 
the principle that scholars should have Shakespeare's text before them as 
nearly as possible in the exact form in which it left Shakespeare's own 
hand, is now becoming universally accepted, and the project will here be 
realized under his own editorship — in the case of several volumes in con- 
junction with the late W. G. Boswell-Stone. 

The entire series of plays and poems will be produced in 40 volumes, 
carefully printed, with the necessary differentiations of type, accompanied 
by short prefaces and brief textual notes and collations. The Comedies 
and Romances will be issued first, followed by the Histories, Tragedies, 
and Poems. 

The volumes will be printed on fine paper, page measuring 6^ x 8^ 
inches, linen, coloured top, per volume, $1.00 net. 

*^* Also a Library Edition of 500 sets on linen paper, halt-parchment, 
linen sides, gilt top, per volume, $1.60 net. Sold in sets only. 

CDe Sbakespearc Classics 

In The Shakespeare Classics, under the General Editorship of Pro- 
fessor I. GoLLANCz, will be issued a comprehensive series of the Romances, 
Histories, Plays, and Poems used by Shakespeare as the originals or 
direct sources of his Plays. The Series will consist of not fewer than 
twelve nor more than twenty volumes, the text in modern spelling, and will 
be as indispensable to the scholar, and as essential a part of every library, as 
it will be of general interest to all intelligent readers. Competent Editors 
will have charge of every volume, under the direct supervision of the 
General Editor. 

"The Shakespeare Classics " will be issued on paper about ^\ x 6f inches, 
gilt tops, bound as indicated. Vols, i and 2 are just ready, and further 
issues will follow at frequent intervals. The order of the volumes as listed 



may be varied. The frontispieces will usually reproduce the original titles 
in photogravure. Other illustrations may be included, as advisable. 

Quarter-bound antique grey boards, $i.oo net, 

*^* Also a Library Edition of 500 sets on linen paper, about 7^ x 5f 
inches, half-bound parchment, cloth sides, gilt top, per volume, $1.60 net. 

**Cbc Shakespeare €la$$!c$/* first Uolumes 

1. Lodg^e's "Rosalynde" : the original of Shakespeare's *'As You 
Like It." Edited by W. W. Greg, M.A. Frontispiece. 

2. Greene's ** Pandosto," or *' Dorastus and Fawnia": the 
original of Shakespeare's '< Winter's Tale." Edited by P. G. Thomas, 
Professor of English Literature, Bedford College, University of 
London. Frontispiece. 

3. Brooke's poem of " Romeus and Juliet": the original oi 
Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet." As edited by P. A. Daniel; 
modernized and re-edited by J. J. Munro. Frontispiece. 

4. "The Troublesome Reign of King John": the play re- 
written by Shakespeare as " King John." Edited by F. J. Furnivall, 
D.Litt. Frontispiece. 

5,6. "The History of Hamlet." Together with other Documents 
illustrative of the source of Shakespeare's play, and an Introductory 
Study of the Legend of Hamlet by Professor I. Gollancz, who 
also edits the work. Frontispiece. 

7 "The Play of King Leir and his three Daughters": the old 
play on the subject of King Lear. Edited by Sidney Lee, D.Litt. 
Frontispiece. 

8. " The Taming of A Shrew " : being the old play used by 
Shakespeare in "The Taming of The Shrew." Edited by Professor 
F. S. Boas. Frontispiece. 

9. The Sources and Analogues of "A Midsummer Night's 
Dream." Edited by Frank Sidgwick, B.A, 

10. " The Famous Victories of Henry V." 

11. "The Menaechmi" : the original of Shakespeare's "Comedy ot 
Errors." The Elizabethan translation. 

12. " Promos and Cassandra" : the source of " Measure for Measure." 

Cbe Camb SbakesDeare for tbe Voung 

In The Lamb Shakespeare for the Young, based on Mary and Charles 
Lamb's Tales from Shakespeare, an attempt is made to insert skilfully 
within the setting of prose those scenes and passages from the play with 
which the young reader should quite early become acquainted. It is 
believed that this form of presenting the chief plays to the young will, 
in accordance with a widely-expressed wish from many educational 
experts, commend itself to teachers and others. Professor I. Gollancz 
has consented to be responsible for the Series. Each volume will be 
illustrated by artists who will endeavour to reproduce the chief scenes of 
the action as they would be visualized by the young, while a further 



feature will be made of Songs from the Plays set to the best music 
arranged for school use under the direction of T. Maskell Hardy. 

"The Lamb Shakespeare" will be issued in the following styles, with 
special Cover Design, imperial i6mo, 5| x 7I inches, cloth gilt, 80c. net ; 
limp lambskin, $1.00 net. 

Publication of the first three volumes will be followed by the re- 
mainder at short intervals. 

1. The Tempest, illustrations by Miss Helen Stratton. 

2. As You Like It. Illustrations by Miss L. E. Wright. 

3. A Midsummer Night's Dream. Illustrations by Miss Helen 
Stratton. 

4 The Merchant of Venice. 

5. King Henry V. 

6. Twelfth Night 

Uniform "With the above : 

A Life of Shakespeare for the Young. 

Sbakespearc's eitglana 

This section of "The Shakespeare Library" will contain a series of 
volumes illustrative of the life, thought, and literature of England in the 
time of Shakespeare, Among the earlier volumes are — 

1. "Robert Laneham's Letter." Describing part of the Entertain- 
ment given to Queen Elizabeth at Kenilworth Castle in 1575. This 
work, of which so much use was made in Scott's "Kenilworth," is, 
even apart from the interest of its main subject, of the greatest value 
on account of the list which it contains of the library of a certain 
Captain Cox, a worthy mason, who had " great oversight in matters 
of story " — a list which affords an excellent view of the popular 
literature of the day. All the works mentioned are fully described in 
an Introduction by Dr. Furnivall. Demy 8vo, cloth, gilt top, $1.75 net. 

2. "The Rogues and Vagabonds of Shakespeare's Youth." Con- 
taining reprints of Awdeley's " Fraternity of Vacabondes," Harman's 
<' Caveat for Common Cursetors," Parson Haben's or Hyberdyne's 
" Sermon in Praise of Thieves and Thievery," etc., and many repro- 
ductions from the original woodcuts. Edited, with an introduction, by 
Edward Viles and Dr. Furnivall. Demy 8vo, cloth, gilt top, $i . 75 net. 

3 "Shakespeare's Holinshed." Containing a reprint of all the 
passages in Holinshed's "Chronicle" of which use was made in 
Shakespeare's Historical Plays, with Notes and full Index. Edited 
by W. G. Boswell-Stone. Royal 8vo, cloth, gilt top, $3.50 net. 

4. "The Shakespeare Allusion Book." Reprints of all known 
references to Shakespeare and to his works before the close of the seven- 
teenth century. The Allusions, which were originally collected by 
Dr. Ingleby, Miss L. Toulmin Smith, and Dr. Furnivall, will now, 
for the first time, be arranged in chronological order, and supple- 
mented with further material not heretofore included. In two 
volumes, royal 8vo, cloth, gilt tops, per set $5.50 net. 



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